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Linguist Noam Chomsky said that children are born into the world with a ________, a biological endowment that enables the child to detect certain features and rules of language, including phonology, syntax, and semantics.


A) language acquisition device
B) biological language center
C) primary language center
D) biological language device

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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According to Piaget, a ________ is an internal sensory image or word that represents an event.


A) transducer
B) sensation
C) symbol
D) memory

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following terms refers to a process in which information is transferred to memory?


A) encoding
B) encrypting
C) assimilation
D) habituation

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Baby Elise has developed a sucking scheme. She knows that to get food, she must suck on her mother's breast. Now, her mother has begun to introduce solid foods with a spoon. Elise immediately sucks on the spoon. This is an example of


A) accommodation.
B) assimilation.
C) amalgamation.
D) application.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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________ are cognitive groupings of similar objects, events, people, or ideas.


A) Symbols
B) Concepts
C) Habits
D) Semantics

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Identify the type of error that occurs when infants make the mistake of selecting a familiar hiding place rather than a new hiding place as they progress into Piaget's fourth substage of the sensorimotor stage.


A) Type 1 error
B) Type 2 error
C) F-not-N error
D) A-not-B error

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is a Piagetian term for understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot directly be seen, heard, or touched?


A) joint attention
B) object permanence
C) internalization of schemes
D) object continuance

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following words is an example of a word with a single morpheme?


A) bathes
B) calling
C) racer
D) tram

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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A recent study revealed that habituation assessed at 3 or 6 months of age is linked to verbal skills and intelligence assessed at 32 months of age. How can parents use the concepts of habituation and dishabituation to better interact with their babies and maybe boost their verbal skills and intelligence in the process?

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Knowing about habituation and dishabitua...

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Most researchers find that babies do not show ________ until the second half of the first year.


A) dishabituation
B) explicit memory
C) habituation
D) implicit memory

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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How many morphemes does the word "marker" have?


A) four
B) one
C) two
D) six

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Pan et al. (2005) studied 1- to 3-year-old children living in low-income families to understand the effect of maternal talk on children's vocabulary development. Which of the following was a finding of this study?


A) The amount of maternal talk was less important than maternal literacy skills.
B) The amount of maternal talk was more important than the amount of paternal talk.
C) Mothers' diversity of vocabulary was unrelated to children's vocabulary development.
D) Mothers who frequently used pointing gestures had children with a smaller vocabulary.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Someone with a vocabulary of only 200 words can recombine the words in different ways to say thousands of different things. This aspect of language is referred to as


A) syntax.
B) phonology.
C) morphology.
D) infinite generativity.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Marvin says, "The chair told the girl to sit down." Which language rule system does this sentence violate?


A) syntax
B) morphology
C) semantics
D) pragmatics

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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In the context of cognitive development, decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus is known as


A) assimilation.
B) habituation.
C) deferred imitation.
D) perceptual categorization.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Alice, who is three weeks old, sucks everything that touches her lips. After a few weeks, her mother observes that she has started to suck even if a nipple or bottle is only nearby and not touching her lips. In the context of Jean Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development, Alice is most likely in the sensorimotor substage known as


A) simple reflexes.
B) first habits.
C) primary circular reactions.
D) secondary circular reactions.

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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In her book Growing Up with Language, which of the following suggestions did Naomi Baron provide for facilitating language development in toddlers?


A) Remember to listen.
B) Supply words and thoughts for the child to avoid frustration.
C) Use questions that encourage the child to answer "yes" or "no."
D) Let the toddler know when he or she is not being clear in communication.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Distinguish between explicit memory and implicit memory.

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Implicit memory refers to memory without...

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A ________ is a minimal unit of meaning; it is a word or a part of a word that cannot be broken into smaller meaningful parts.


A) symbol
B) morpheme
C) phoneme
D) taxon

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following is a requirement for joint attention?


A) an ability to manipulate objects
B) an ability to track another's behavior
C) a lack of interest in others
D) an intense interest in a particular object

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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