Question 1

Jerome Kagan's classification of temperament focuses on

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibition to the unfamiliar.
B)   a positive or negative mood state.
C)   effortful control.
D)   (hyper)  activity level.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Experts on infant socioemotional development, such as Jerome Kagan, conclude that ________ makes it unlikely that emotions which require thought can be experienced in the first year.

Accepted Answer

A)   the lack of innate emotions in the infant brain
B)   the structural immaturity of the infant brain
C)   incomplete myelination in the first two months
D)   the lack of reciprocity of emotional expressionsE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Tara holds her two-month-old daughter, Sonia, close to her, makes eye contact, and smiles and sings softly to her. Tara is engaging in

Accepted Answer

A)   face-to-face play.
B)   parallel play.
C)   joint attention.
D)   imitation.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

List the three types of temperament as classified by Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas. Explain how a baby with each type might respond to meeting a new person in a new situation.

Accepted Answer

Psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella...

Question 5

Three-month-old Zoey looks up at her mother and smiles. What do researchers call this smile?

Accepted Answer

A)   trust smile
B)   social smile
C)   reflexive smile
D)   attachment smileE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Mary often plays the game peek-a-boo with her baby. Initially, Mary covers her baby and then removes the cover, registering "surprise" at the baby's reappearance. After a time, her baby does the covering and uncovering. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   object permanence.
B)   scaffolding.
C)   attachment.
D)   sociability.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Researchers have found that infant ________ is linked to guilt, empathy, and low aggression at six to seven years of age.

Accepted Answer

A)   pride
B)   embarrassment
C)   fear
D)   jealousyE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Recent studies found that a disorganized attachment style developed in infancy only when infants had the short version of the serotonin transporter gene, 5-HTTLPR. This gene-environment interaction only occurred when

Accepted Answer

A)   the infants' other-consciousness developed poorly in the first six months after birth.
B)   mothers showed a low level of responsiveness toward their infants.
C)   maternal nutrition was deficient during the prenatal period.
D)   the infants were temperamentally inclined toward negative affectivity.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Describe the emotional regulation and coping techniques that infants develop over the initial years.

Accepted Answer

During the first year of life, the infan...

Question 10

Explain how the quality and quantity of child care affect children.

Accepted Answer

When the quality of caregiving was high,...

Question 11

When a mother plays peek-a-boo with her baby, she moves from covering the baby and saying "peek-a-boo" to covering her own eyes and saying it. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   sociability.
B)   scaffolding.
C)   emotionality.
D)   disorganized attachment.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Explain reciprocal socialization and scaffolding. Explain the importance of scaffolding in infant development.

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal socialization is socializatio...

Question 13

Mariposa is in the Strange Situation; she moves freely away from her mother but keeps track of where she is through periodic glances. She would most likely be classified as being

Accepted Answer

A)   insecurely attached.
B)   extremely inhibited.
C)   securely attached.
D)   difficult.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 14

In the Strange Situation, Jermaine used his mother as a "safe base" as he actively explored the playroom. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Jermaine as being

Accepted Answer

A)   securely attached.
B)   trusting attached.
C)   agape-love attached.
D)   solidly attached.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Especially in infancy, emotions play important roles in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   independence
B)   reciprocal socialization
C)   sensation
D)   behavioral organizationE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Mary Rothbart and John Bates believe that infant temperament falls into which of the following categories?

Accepted Answer

A)   emotionality, social ability, and activity level
B)   extraversion/surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control
C)   easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up
D)   extraversion, introversion, and emotionalityE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Anthony is just starting to crawl and has taken to following his mother around the house. He also lifts his arms up to her when he wants to be picked up. According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which phase is Anthony currently in?

Accepted Answer

A)   phase 1
B)   phase 2
C)   phase 4
D)   phase 3E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Researchers have found that infant fear is linked to ________ at 6 to 7 years of age.

Accepted Answer

A)   high effortful control
B)   empathy
C)   high aggression
D)   self-confidenceE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 19

When people become parents through pregnancy, adoption, or step-parenting, they face ________ and must adapt.

Accepted Answer

A)   equilibrium
B)   disturbance
C)   disequilibrium
D)   symmetryE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 20

The results of the study conducted by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in 1991 indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)   extensive use of day care hurts parent-child relationships.
B)   the influence of families and parenting is not weakened by extensive use of day care.
C)   a majority of the child care in the first three years of life was of high quality.
D)   child-care quality was linked to attachment security at 36 months of age.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Recent studies found that a disorganized attachment style developed in infancy only when infants had the short version of the serotonin transporter gene, 5-HTTLPR. This gene-environment interaction only occurred when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List the three types of temperament as classified by Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas. Explain how a baby with each type might respond to meeting a new person in a new situation.

Correct AnswerverifiedPsychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella...View AnswerShow Answer

Mary Rothbart and John Bates believe that infant temperament falls into which of the following categories?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The results of the study conducted by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in 1991 indicate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a mother plays peek-a-boo with her baby, she moves from covering the baby and saying "peek-a-boo" to covering her own eyes and saying it. This illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Anthony is just starting to crawl and has taken to following his mother around the house. He also lifts his arms up to her when he wants to be picked up. According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which phase is Anthony currently in?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers have found that infant ________ is linked to guilt, empathy, and low aggression at six to seven years of age.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how the quality and quantity of child care affect children.

Correct AnswerverifiedWhen the quality of caregiving was high,...View AnswerShow Answer

Describe the emotional regulation and coping techniques that infants develop over the initial years.

Correct AnswerverifiedDuring the first year of life, the infan...View AnswerShow Answer

Three-month-old Zoey looks up at her mother and smiles. What do researchers call this smile?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When people become parents through pregnancy, adoption, or step-parenting, they face ________ and must adapt.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Experts on infant socioemotional development, such as Jerome Kagan, conclude that ________ makes it unlikely that emotions which require thought can be experienced in the first year.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Especially in infancy, emotions play important roles in ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tara holds her two-month-old daughter, Sonia, close to her, makes eye contact, and smiles and sings softly to her. Tara is engaging in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mary often plays the game peek-a-boo with her baby. Initially, Mary covers her baby and then removes the cover, registering "surprise" at the baby's reappearance. After a time, her baby does the covering and uncovering. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain reciprocal socialization and scaffolding. Explain the importance of scaffolding in infant development.

Correct AnswerverifiedReciprocal socialization is socializatio...View AnswerShow Answer

Jerome Kagan's classification of temperament focuses on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Strange Situation, Jermaine used his mother as a "safe base" as he actively explored the playroom. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Jermaine as being

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mariposa is in the Strange Situation; she moves freely away from her mother but keeps track of where she is through periodic glances. She would most likely be classified as being

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers have found that infant fear is linked to ________ at 6 to 7 years of age.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella...
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When the quality of caregiving was high,...
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During the first year of life, the infan...
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Reciprocal socialization is socializatio...
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