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Exam 10: Motivating Employees

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Question 161

True/False

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One of the original objectives of the Hawthorne studies was to determine the degree of lighting needed in the workplace to enable employees to achieve optimum productivity.

A) True
B) False

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Question 162

Multiple Choice

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At High Stakes International,employees tend to work with little direct supervision since employees are considered trustworthy and committed.Management's expectation for employee creativity is high.The management at High Stakes reflects ____________ attitudes about employees.

A) Theory C
B) Theory D
C) Theory X
D) Theory Y

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Question 163

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_________ is the term William Ouchi used to refer to the management approach typically used by firms in the United States.

Management by objectives was developed by:

Equity judgments are precise,objective measurements of the fairness between an employee's effort and their compensation.

Based on Herzberg's theory of motivators,job enrichment will motivate employees to satisfy higher order needs.

For management by objectives to be successful,employees must be willing to accept the objectives set by top management without question and without hesitation. Management by objectives calls for goals to be set through a process involving employees as well as managers.Employees do not simply accept goals,they participate in setting them.

Referring to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory,one would agree that U.S.workers are more often interested in satisfying their physiological and safety needs,as opposed to their self-esteem needs. Physiological needs refer to the need for food,clothing,shelter,and other needs associated with basic survival.Safety needs refer to the need for security and safety at home and at work.These are the two lowest levels of needs in Maslow's hierarchy.In developed countries such as the United States,most employees have already satisfied these lower-level needs.According to Maslow,when needs are satisfied,they are no longer sources of motivation.

As a motivational technique,letting employees know they've done a good job is not as powerful as providing them with a bonus.

Three elements were basic to Taylor's approach: time,methods,and rules of work.

Kathleen is the new operations manager of a national stock brokerage firm.She recently attended a conference on the use of expectancy theory to motivate employees.In order to incorporate what she has learned,Kathleen should:

Members of Generation Y tend to be adaptable,tech savvy,and tolerant.

Maslow was mainly concerned with explaining how:

In order to motivate their employees,managers in less-developed nations should establish working conditions that focus on meeting their employees' self-actualization needs. In less-developed nations,most employees struggle just to get enough food,clothing and shelter to satisfy their physiological needs,which are at the lowest level of Maslow's hierarchy.Self-actualization needs are at the highest level of Maslow's hierarchy.According to Maslow,fulfilling these higher-level needs will not become a primary source of motivation until lower-level needs are met.

Job rotation attempts to make a job more interesting and motivating by moving employees from one job to another.

_________ refers to a situation in which a manager attempts to stop an undesirable behavior by simply not responding to it.

Anthony is putting together an employee group to help add new technology to his company's existing products.He is seeking employees who are comfortable with new technologies,and who are flexible,adaptable,and have a strong sense of commitment to their work.Many of his company's newest and youngest employees probably would meet these criteria. Employees in their early 20s were born in the early to mid 1980s and are thus members of Generation Y.These employees tend to be techno savvy,flexible,adaptable,and able to multitask.Perhaps the most surprising characteristic of many Gen Yers is their sense of commitment.

UCLA management professor,William Ouchi's Theory Z embraced which of the following management ideals?

Abraham Maslow believed that motivation arises from the desire to satisfy unmet needs.

What is the key idea behind goal-setting theory? How does management by objectives help implement this idea?