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Exam 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

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Question 51

Multiple Choice

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A young child might be heard saying,"That tree pushed the leaf off and it fell down." The child's belief that the tree is capable of action is referred to as:

A) egocentrism.
B) conservation.
C) animism.
D) kineticism.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Question 52

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According to Lev Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) ,learning is:

A) achieved by discovering which answers will lead to rewards.
B) achieved by assimilating new understandings to accommodate the demands of the world.
C) affected by how the environment and genetically programmed learning ability interact during a critical period.
D) a social activity between a less knowledgeable child,and another adult or child who is more knowledgeable.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Question 53

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_________ refers to the appropriate use of language in different contexts.

There are approximately ______ Montessori schools in the United States today.

Myelination in the brain serves to:

What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD),what are its lower and upper limits,and who is the theorist who developed it?

The focusing of mental resources on select information.

List the two stages of preoperational thought,define/describe the child's thinking at that stage,and identify the age range for that stage.

Project __________ is a program designed to attend to the unique educational needs of children from birth through three years of age.

Define conservation.

Sanjay and Ryan are 4-year-old friends.When they are together,they often wrestle,run,race,push,and shove each other.Although their level of activity often aggravates their parents,we know that this activity will:

Which of the following is TRUE of Lev Vygotsky's educational applications?

Animism and egocentrism represent limitations in the preoperational child's thinking in that they indicate an inability to:

Myelination occurs in the brain when:

Pointing to a tree,young Ramal says,"Bird flied away." Ramal's interesting but inaccurate use of the "-ed" word ending shows that he is trying to learn ________ rules of language.

A police officer visits Laura's and Brett's class to discuss safety rules.To attract the children's attention,the officer brings colorful balloons and lots of jars of bubbles for the children to blow.Later,Laura tells her parents all about the balloons and bubbles but cannot remember any of the safety rules the officer presented.Laura obviously paid more attention to what was:

Five-year-old Marta draws a picture with pretty lavender,purple,and blue colors intermixed with green,yellow,and brown."It's a boat on the ocean at sunset,with whales jumping all around it!" she explains to her teacher.Marta is showing clear evidence of:

Which child will find the task of arranging objects in a precise pattern on a table most challenging?

List at least three ways that Lev Vygotsky's theory can be (and has been)successfully applied to education.

Project __________ is a program designed to break the cycle of poverty and poor education for children from economically disadvantaged backgrounds.