Question 1

The type of T cell that is primarily responsible for the production of antibodies is the plasma cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Each year there are an estimated 250,000 people who could benefit from a bone marrow transplant.A major challenge is finding a donor with the matching complex of Major Histocompatibility (MHC) proteins a person needs.Why is it important that the MHC proteins match between the donor and recipient?

Accepted Answer

A)  If they don't match,the donor's immune system will see the recipient's bone marrow as foreign.
B)  MHC proteins make antibodies which could attack the recipient's immune system.
C)  MHC proteins serve as inhibitors of the immune system.
D)  If they don't match,the recipient's immune system will see the donor's bone marrow as foreign.
E)  MHC proteins are used by cytotoxic T cells to kill bacteria,and if they don't match they won't work properly.F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 3

If you transfuse type AB blood into a patient with type A blood,the patient will raise antibodies against the B antigen on the donor's blood,but will not raise antibodies against the A antigen.Why not?

Accepted Answer

A)  B and T cells that recognize the A antigen will have been removed by clonal deletion.
B)  Antibodies that recognize the A antigen will have been removed by the spleen.
C)  Antibodies that recognize the A antigen will have been removed by the bone marrow.
D)  Macrophages will not present the A antigen to T cells.
E)  Recombination of the gene for antibodies cannot produce self-reactive clones.F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 4

HIV-positive people track the progress of their disease with blood tests that measure the number of

Accepted Answer

A)  blood platelets.
B)  B cells.
C)  helper T cells.
D)  cytotoxic T cells.
E)  plasma cells.F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 5

In the section "Investigating Life: The Hidden Cost of Hygiene",what was the researchers' final conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exposure to flatworms decreased interleukin levels,suppressing the immune system and leading to fewer allergies.
B)  Exposure to flatworms increased interleukin levels,suppressing the immune system and leading to more allergies.
C)  Exposure to flatworms decreased interleukin levels,suppressing the immune system and leading to more allergies.
D)  Exposure to flatworms increased braking of interleukin levels,suppressing the immune system and leading to fewer allergies.
E)  Exposure to flatworms decreased interleukin levels,but had no effect on the immune system or allergies.F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

If a human fetus is ___________ and the pregnant woman is ______________,an incompatibility that destroys the red blood cells of the fetus may occur.

Accepted Answer

A)  Rh-negative;Rh-positive
B)  Type "AB";Type "O"
C)  Type "O";Type "AB"
D)  Rh-positive;Rh-negative
E)  Rh-positive;Type "AB"F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 7

A cell that does not circulate in blood,but instead settles in tissues near the skin and in the digestive tract,producing and releasing histamine when tissue is damaged,is a

Accepted Answer

A)  basophil.
B)  mast cell.
C)  virus.
D)  macrophage.
E)  T cell.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

Which of the following correctly describes B cells and T cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells and T cells are lymphocytes.
B)  B cells and T cells attack cancerous cells in the body.
C)  B cells and T cells attack foreign particles in the body.
D)  B cells and T cells are not innate defenses.
E)  All answers are correct.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B) E

Question 9

A primary "antigen presenting cell," a cell that presents an antigen to a helper T cell,is a

Accepted Answer

A)  B cell.
B)  T cell.
C)  macrophage.
D)  plasma cell.
E)  chondrocytE.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

Histamine triggers vasodilation and leakiness in blood vessels during inflammation.Why would this be beneficial in fighting an infection by a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased number of white blood cells only
B)  increased migration of white blood cells to site of infection only
C)  both increased number of white blood cells and their migration to site of infection
D)  increased accessibility of the pathogen to the blood only
E)  both increased accessibility of the pathogen to the blood and number of white blood cellsF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

In a process called ______,an army of plasma cells and memory cells are produced from properly-stimulated B cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  conjugation
B)  meiotic regeneration
C)  recombination
D)  clonal selection
E)  artificial selectionF) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 12

The presence of antibodies against HIV can be used to diagnose an infection that has occurred at least three months earlier.Why couldn't the presence of antibodies against HIV be used to diagnose a more recent infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  The virus mutates rapidly,changing its outer coat.
B)  The virus reproduces very rapidly.
C)  The virus is transmitted sexually.
D)  The virus is not technically alive.
E)  It takes 2-3 months to raise antibodies against the virus.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

Which of the following are examples of passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies produced from a vaccine,or a person receiving an injection of antibodies
B)  a fetus acquiring antibodies through the placenta,or a person receiving an injection of antibodies
C)  only a fetus acquiring antibodies through the placenta
D)  only a person receiving an injection of antibodies
E)  only antibodies produced from a vaccineF) A) and D)
G) C) and E) B

Question 14

Which of the following is a major difference between adaptive immunity and innate defenses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adaptive immunity includes defense components which are multicellular,such as skin,tears,and mucus;innate defenses include cellular and subcellular components.
B)  Adaptive immunity responses are the first to attack an invader;innate defenses are the second responses to attack an invader.
C)  Adaptive immunity responses are produced only on demand;innate defenses are always produced.
D)  Adaptive immunity responses are similar to most pathogens;innate defenses are always specific for specific pathogens.
E)  All answers are correct.F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 15

In the section "Investigating Life: The Hidden Cost of Hygiene",what is the hygiene hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  People who have more infections will have an overactive immune system.
B)  People who have better hygiene and are cleaner will have more infections.
C)  People who have better hygiene and are cleaner will have a weaker immune system.
D)  People who have fewer infections will have an overactive immune system.
E)  People who have better hygiene and are cleaner will have fewer infections.F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

An exaggerated attack on a harmless antigen by an overly-sensitive immune system is termed a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  autoimmune disease.
B)  primary immune response.
C)  secondary immune response.
D)  allergy.
E)  innate defense stimulator.F) None of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 17

The role of B cells in adaptive immunity is ______,versus the role of T cells in adaptive immunity is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  to recognize any antigen;to recognize a specific antigen
B)  to recognize a specific antigen;to recognize any antigen
C)  to secrete antibodies in humoral immunity;to attack bad cells in cell-mediated immunity
D)  to attack bad cells in cell-mediated immunity;to secrete antibodies in humoral immunity;
E)  to create antigens;to destroy antibodiesF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

Why would AIDS patients infected with HIV be at risk for opportunistic infections and rare cancers?

Accepted Answer

A)  People who contract HIV engage in risky behavior that causes them to get other infections and cancer.
B)  Their immune systems are suppressed.
C)  HIV triggers an autoimmune response.
D)  AIDS is not caused by HIV,so HIV could be causing the other infections.
E)  An AIDS patient's immune system is very strong since it is fighting the HIV infection.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

The constant region of an antibody molecule determines which antigen will be bound by the antibody.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Every year the common flu vaccine is designed to protect against three different strains of the influenza virus.How is your body able to raise antibodies against so many new forms of the flu virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each B cell can make antibodies against all antigens.
B)  The vaccine contains the antibodies against the strains of flu virus so your body does not need to make them.
C)  Viruses are destroyed by the passive immune system.
D)  Clonal deletion of B and T cells that recognize the virus occurs.
E)  Recombination of the gene used to make antibodies occurs.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B) E

Exam 29: The Immune System

The type of T cell that is primarily responsible for the production of antibodies is the plasma cell.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each year there are an estimated 250,000 people who could benefit from a bone marrow transplant.A major challenge is finding a donor with the matching complex of Major Histocompatibility (MHC) proteins a person needs.Why is it important that the MHC proteins match between the donor and recipient?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you transfuse type AB blood into a patient with type A blood,the patient will raise antibodies against the B antigen on the donor's blood,but will not raise antibodies against the A antigen.Why not?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

HIV-positive people track the progress of their disease with blood tests that measure the number of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the section "Investigating Life: The Hidden Cost of Hygiene",what was the researchers' final conclusion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a human fetus is ___________ and the pregnant woman is ______________,an incompatibility that destroys the red blood cells of the fetus may occur.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A cell that does not circulate in blood,but instead settles in tissues near the skin and in the digestive tract,producing and releasing histamine when tissue is damaged,is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following correctly describes B cells and T cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

A primary "antigen presenting cell," a cell that presents an antigen to a helper T cell,is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Histamine triggers vasodilation and leakiness in blood vessels during inflammation.Why would this be beneficial in fighting an infection by a pathogen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a process called ______,an army of plasma cells and memory cells are produced from properly-stimulated B cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The presence of antibodies against HIV can be used to diagnose an infection that has occurred at least three months earlier.Why couldn't the presence of antibodies against HIV be used to diagnose a more recent infection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are examples of passive immunity?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following is a major difference between adaptive immunity and innate defenses?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the section "Investigating Life: The Hidden Cost of Hygiene",what is the hygiene hypothesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An exaggerated attack on a harmless antigen by an overly-sensitive immune system is termed a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The role of B cells in adaptive immunity is ______,versus the role of T cells in adaptive immunity is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why would AIDS patients infected with HIV be at risk for opportunistic infections and rare cancers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The constant region of an antibody molecule determines which antigen will be bound by the antibody.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Every year the common flu vaccine is designed to protect against three different strains of the influenza virus.How is your body able to raise antibodies against so many new forms of the flu virus?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

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If a human fetus is _ and the pregnant woman is ____,an incompatibility that destroys the red blood cells of the fetus may occur.

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E

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B

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The role of B cells in adaptive immunity is ,versus the role of T cells in adaptive immunity is .

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E