Question 1

The type of white blood cell that develops into a macrophage is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymphocyte
B)  Basophil
C)  Eosinophil
D)  Monocyte
E)  NeutrophilF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 2

Monocytes develop into B cells and T cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A molecule that stimulates an immune system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(an) :

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibody
B)  Antigen
C)  Substrate
D)  Phagocyte
E)  Complement proteinF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

A primary "antigen presenting cell," a cell that presents an antigen to a helper T cell,is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  B cell
B)  T cell
C)  Macrophage
D)  Plasma cell
E)  ChondrocyteF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 5

Antibodies are made against a very small portion of an antigen called an epitope.An epitope is often just 5-6 amino acids from a protein on an antigen.Which of the following explains how antibodies could be produced against just a small part of an antigen?

Accepted Answer

A)  T helper cells secrete enzymes that digest the pathogen
B)  B cells produce antibodies that bind directly to a single epitope on the antigen
C)  Cytotoxic T cells poke holes in the antigen
D)  Complement pokes holes in the antigen
E)  Macrophages engulf and digest the pathogenF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

The constant region of an antibody molecule determines which antigen will be bound by the antibody.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Why do lymph nodes often become swollen during an infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  T cells reproduce in lymph nodes after being exposed to pathogens
B)  B cells reproduce in lymph nodes after being exposed to pathogens
C)  Macrophages move to lymph nodes after engulfing pathogens
D)  Cytotoxic T cells attack pathogens in the lymph nodes triggering inflammation
E)  Vasodilation increases blood flow in the lymph nodesF) A) and E)
G) D) and E) C

Question 8

Each year there are an estimated 250,000 people who could benefit from a bone marrow transplant.What would happen to a patient who no longer had active bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

A)  They would be paralyzed
B)  They could not filter their blood and would require dialysis
C)  They would be immunocompromised
D)  They could not produce bile
E)  Their bones would degenerateF) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 9

The flatworm in this study lives in the child's liver.It would be which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  A substrate feeder
B)  A bulk feeder
C)  A fluid feeder
D)  A suspension feeder
E)  A deposit feederF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 10

If a child was allergic to a substance scratched onto their skin,the area turned red and swollen within about 10 minutes.Which of the following would cause these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Release of interleukin-10
B)  Recruitment of B cells
C)  Release of histamine
D)  The presence of flatworms
E)  The presence of dust mitesF) C) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 11

Every year the common flu vaccine is designed to protect against three different strains of the influenza virus.Why do scientists typically have to make a new vaccine every year?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because our bodies develop resistance to the vaccine and it becomes less effective
B)  Because the virus develops resistance to the vaccine
C)  Because the virus can mutate into new strains
D)  Because people change their habits each year and become susceptible to different strains of the virus
E)  Because the common influenza virus can come from many species of animals including cats and dogsF) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following would occur after a second round of vaccination,or booster shot?

Accepted Answer

A)  High levels of IgG are released into the blood
B)  Memory B cells are produced
C)  Memory T cells are produced
D)  Low levels of IgG and IgM are produced on the surface of B and T cells
E)  Clonal deletion removes the vaccineF) D) and E)
G) B) and C) A

Question 13

Lymphocytes can produce millions of different types of antibodies because of a process termed:

Accepted Answer

A)  Meiotic variation
B)  Gene shuffling
C)  Crossing over
D)  Clonal expansion
E)  ConjugationF) B) and C)
G) A) and C) B

Question 14

A patient can have antibodies against many strains of HIV.Which of the following is the main reason that an effective vaccine has not been produced for the HIV virus that causes AIDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  The virus reproduces very rapidly
B)  It takes 2-3 months to raise antibodies against the virus
C)  The virus is transmitted sexually
D)  The virus mutates rapidly changing its outer coat
E)  The virus is not technically aliveF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 15

If a tumor metastasizes,this means that it has moved to another part of the body.Doctors often look in lymph nodes near a tumor for signs of metastasis.Why might cancer cells be found in lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because the tumor started in the lymph node
B)  Because the lymphatic system collects fluids and cells from tissues
C)  Because white blood cells are formed in lymph nodes in response to the tumor
D)  Because the tumor is recognized as a foreign antigen and is being attacked
E)  Because the tumor cells may have moved from the blood into the lymph with the plasmaF) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 16

Which of the following occurred during the coevolution of humans and pathogens that cause disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pathogens produce substances that suppress our immune system
B)  Our immune system can destroy the pathogens before they cause disease
C)  Pathogens have become less infectious
D)  Our immune system no longer sees the pathogen as foreign
E)  Pathogens have developed their own immune system to counteract oursF) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 17

Why is there potential for a woman's body to recognize her fetus as foreign?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fetus and mother are not genetically identical
B)  The mother may have an autoimmune disease and recognize self antigens as foreign
C)  The mother's immune system may be suppressed
D)  The fetus is separated from the mother's blood and immune system
E)  By the time the mother produces antibodies the baby has been bornF) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 18

White blood cells are produced:

Accepted Answer

A)  By mitotic division of other white blood cells
B)  From platelets
C)  From chondrocytes
D)  From bone marrow stem cells
E)  From plasma proteinsF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 19

An exaggerated attack on a harmless antigen by an overly sensitive immune system is termed a(an) :

Accepted Answer

A)  Autoimmune disease
B)  Primary immune response
C)  Secondary immune response
D)  Allergy
E)  Innate defense stimulatorF) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 20

Why would HIV infection lead to immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  All of the antibodies in the body bind to HIV and cannot bind other pathogens
B)  HIV infects the bone marrow where immune cells are produced
C)  HIV infects T helper cells
D)  Antibodies cannot bind to HIV
E)  The body cannot make antibodies to HIVF) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Exam 33: The Immune System

The type of white blood cell that develops into a macrophage is the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Monocytes develop into B cells and T cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A molecule that stimulates an immune system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(an) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A primary "antigen presenting cell," a cell that presents an antigen to a helper T cell,is a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antibodies are made against a very small portion of an antigen called an epitope.An epitope is often just 5-6 amino acids from a protein on an antigen.Which of the following explains how antibodies could be produced against just a small part of an antigen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The constant region of an antibody molecule determines which antigen will be bound by the antibody.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do lymph nodes often become swollen during an infection?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Each year there are an estimated 250,000 people who could benefit from a bone marrow transplant.What would happen to a patient who no longer had active bone marrow?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The flatworm in this study lives in the child's liver.It would be which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a child was allergic to a substance scratched onto their skin,the area turned red and swollen within about 10 minutes.Which of the following would cause these symptoms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Every year the common flu vaccine is designed to protect against three different strains of the influenza virus.Why do scientists typically have to make a new vaccine every year?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would occur after a second round of vaccination,or booster shot?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Lymphocytes can produce millions of different types of antibodies because of a process termed:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

A patient can have antibodies against many strains of HIV.Which of the following is the main reason that an effective vaccine has not been produced for the HIV virus that causes AIDS?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a tumor metastasizes,this means that it has moved to another part of the body.Doctors often look in lymph nodes near a tumor for signs of metastasis.Why might cancer cells be found in lymph nodes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following occurred during the coevolution of humans and pathogens that cause disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is there potential for a woman's body to recognize her fetus as foreign?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

White blood cells are produced:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An exaggerated attack on a harmless antigen by an overly sensitive immune system is termed a(an) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why would HIV infection lead to immunodeficiency?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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