Question 1

Emotions that are present in humans and animals and that appear in the first 6 months of the human infant's development are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  primitive emotions.
B)  innate emotions.
C)  primary emotions.
D)  evolved emotions.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 2

The _____ model involves connections across domains over time that influence developmental pathways and outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal working
B)  external working
C)  Strange Situation
D)  developmental cascadeE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

_____ refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with.

Accepted Answer

A)  Social referencing
B)  Secure attachment
C)  Goodness of fit
D)  Reciprocal socializationE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Jerome Kagan and other developmentalists stress that _____ plays a more important role in a child's social competence than the attachment theorists,such as Bowlby and Ainsworth,are willing to acknowledge.

Accepted Answer

A)  the child's genetic characteristics and temperament
B)  the quality of parenting
C)  security of attachment to a primary caregiver
D)  diversity of social contexts in which the child participatesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Austin is in the Strange Situation and shows strong patterns of avoidance and resistance.He also displays extreme fearfulness around the caregiver.He would be classified as being:

Accepted Answer

A)  resistant.
B)  avoidant.
C)  attached.
D)  disorganized.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

By two to three months of age,most infants expect people to react positively when the infants initiate a behavior,such as a smile or a vocalization.This finding has been discovered using a method called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  regulation of affect.
B)  parallel paradigm.
C)  still-face paradigm.
D)  interactive repair.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Recent research has shown that the group of preschool children that have the following temperament,as classified by Rothbart and Bates,engage in more obesity-related eating disorder behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Extraversion/surgency
B)  Negative affectivity
C)  Effortful control
D)  Self-deregulatedE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Makiko feels ashamed when her friend comes over for a playdate and teases her about wearing night-time diapers.This is an example of _____ emotions.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary
B)  other-worldly
C)  other-conscious
D)  consciousE) A) and D)
F) A) and C) C

Question 9

Diego is in the Strange Situation with his caregiver; he explores the room and examines the toys that have been placed in it.He uses the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the room.He would be classified as being:

Accepted Answer

A)  insecure resistant.
B)  insecure avoidant.
C)  securely attached.
D)  insecure disorganized.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Describe the Strange Situation.What is an important criticism of this method?

Accepted Answer

The Strange Situation is an observationa...

Question 11

Which of the following is the BEST description of scaffolding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parents time interactions in such a way that the infant experiences turn taking with the parents.
B)  The caregiver and infant focus on the same object or event.
C)  Mothers and their infants interact in a dance-like pattern of closely coordinated actions.
D)  The child is presented with a series of introductions,separations,and reunions with the caregiver.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Mario brings his mother his favorite teddy bear to comfort her when she has had a bad day at work.This demonstrates a(n) _____ emotion.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary
B)  self-conscious
C)  negative
D)  unconsciousE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 13

What are the recommended parenting strategies for different children's temperaments?

Accepted Answer

For one,pay respect to individuality,thu...

Question 14

Experts on infant socioemotional development,such as Jerome Kagan,conclude that _____ makes it unlikely that emotions which require thought can be experienced in the first year.

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of innate emotions in the infant brain
B)  the structural immaturity of the infant brain
C)  incomplete myelination in the first two months
D)  lack of reciprocity of emotional expressionsE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Which of the following would Erik Erikson be most likely to recommend about soothing a crying infant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Do not soothe the baby because he or she will be spoiled.
B)  Pick up the baby and soothe him or her so that a healthy sense of trust develops.
C)  Allow the infant to cry because this will encourage the development of a self-sufficient child.
D)  Soothe the baby every other time,so that he or she does not become dependent on external comforters.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following characterizes phase 1 of Bowlby's model of attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants instinctively direct their attachment to human figures.
B)  Children become aware of others' feelings,goals,and plans and begin to take these into account in forming their own actions.
C)  Attachment becomes focused on one figure,usually the primary caregiver.
D)  Infants start to lose attachment to their primary caregivers.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Betty and Allen's child,Cara,is usually in a pleasant mood.She has a regular routine but can readily adapt to changes.According to Chess and Thomas,Cara would be classified as:

Accepted Answer

A)  a passive child.
B)  an easy child.
C)  a slow-to-warm-up child.
D)  an inhibited child.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D) B

Question 18

What are some cultural differences that occur in the emotional experiences of infants?

Accepted Answer

Cultural differences occur in emotional responses.East Asian infants display less frequent and less intense positive and negative emotions than non-Latino White infants.Further,Japanese parents try to prevent their children from experiencing negative emotions,while non-Latino White mothers are more likely to respond after their children become distressed,and then help them cope.

Question 19

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment,which of the following is the time period for phase 3?

Accepted Answer

A)  From birth to 2 months
B)  From 2 to 7 months
C)  From 7 to 24 months
D)  From 24 months onE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 20

In every culture studied so far,which is the most common classification of attachment:

Accepted Answer

A)  secure attachment.
B)  insecure resistant attachment.
C)  disorganized attachment.
D)  insecure avoidant attachment.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Emotions that are present in humans and animals and that appear in the first 6 months of the human infant's development are known as:

Correct Answer
verified

The _____ model involves connections across domains over time that influence developmental pathways and outcomes.

Correct Answer
verified

_____ refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with.

Correct Answer
verified

Jerome Kagan and other developmentalists stress that _____ plays a more important role in a child's social competence than the attachment theorists,such as Bowlby and Ainsworth,are willing to acknowledge.

Correct Answer
verified

Austin is in the Strange Situation and shows strong patterns of avoidance and resistance.He also displays extreme fearfulness around the caregiver.He would be classified as being:

Correct Answer
verified

By two to three months of age,most infants expect people to react positively when the infants initiate a behavior,such as a smile or a vocalization.This finding has been discovered using a method called the:

Correct Answer
verified

Recent research has shown that the group of preschool children that have the following temperament,as classified by Rothbart and Bates,engage in more obesity-related eating disorder behavior.

Correct Answer
verified

Makiko feels ashamed when her friend comes over for a playdate and teases her about wearing night-time diapers.This is an example of _____ emotions.

Correct Answer
verified
C

Diego is in the Strange Situation with his caregiver; he explores the room and examines the toys that have been placed in it.He uses the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the room.He would be classified as being:

Correct Answer
verified

Describe the Strange Situation.What is an important criticism of this method?

Correct Answer
verified
The Strange Situation is an observationa...
View Answer

Which of the following is the BEST description of scaffolding?

Correct Answer
verified

Mario brings his mother his favorite teddy bear to comfort her when she has had a bad day at work.This demonstrates a(n) _____ emotion.

Correct Answer
verified

What are the recommended parenting strategies for different children's temperaments?

Correct Answer
verified
For one,pay respect to individuality,thu...
View Answer

Experts on infant socioemotional development,such as Jerome Kagan,conclude that _____ makes it unlikely that emotions which require thought can be experienced in the first year.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following would Erik Erikson be most likely to recommend about soothing a crying infant?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following characterizes phase 1 of Bowlby's model of attachment?

Correct Answer
verified

Betty and Allen's child,Cara,is usually in a pleasant mood.She has a regular routine but can readily adapt to changes.According to Chess and Thomas,Cara would be classified as:

Correct Answer
verified
B

What are some cultural differences that occur in the emotional experiences of infants?

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment,which of the following is the time period for phase 3?

Correct Answer
verified

In every culture studied so far,which is the most common classification of attachment:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Emotions that are present in humans and animals and that appear in the first 6 months of the human infant's development are known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _____ model involves connections across domains over time that influence developmental pathways and outcomes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jerome Kagan and other developmentalists stress that _____ plays a more important role in a child's social competence than the attachment theorists,such as Bowlby and Ainsworth,are willing to acknowledge.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Austin is in the Strange Situation and shows strong patterns of avoidance and resistance.He also displays extreme fearfulness around the caregiver.He would be classified as being:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By two to three months of age,most infants expect people to react positively when the infants initiate a behavior,such as a smile or a vocalization.This finding has been discovered using a method called the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Recent research has shown that the group of preschool children that have the following temperament,as classified by Rothbart and Bates,engage in more obesity-related eating disorder behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Makiko feels ashamed when her friend comes over for a playdate and teases her about wearing night-time diapers.This is an example of _____ emotions.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Diego is in the Strange Situation with his caregiver; he explores the room and examines the toys that have been placed in it.He uses the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the room.He would be classified as being:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the Strange Situation.What is an important criticism of this method?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe Strange Situation is an observationa...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is the BEST description of scaffolding?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mario brings his mother his favorite teddy bear to comfort her when she has had a bad day at work.This demonstrates a(n) _____ emotion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the recommended parenting strategies for different children's temperaments?

Correct AnswerverifiedFor one,pay respect to individuality,thu...View AnswerShow Answer

Experts on infant socioemotional development,such as Jerome Kagan,conclude that _____ makes it unlikely that emotions which require thought can be experienced in the first year.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would Erik Erikson be most likely to recommend about soothing a crying infant?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following characterizes phase 1 of Bowlby's model of attachment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Betty and Allen's child,Cara,is usually in a pleasant mood.She has a regular routine but can readily adapt to changes.According to Chess and Thomas,Cara would be classified as:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

What are some cultural differences that occur in the emotional experiences of infants?

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment,which of the following is the time period for phase 3?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In every culture studied so far,which is the most common classification of attachment:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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C

Correct Answer
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The Strange Situation is an observationa...
View Answer

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For one,pay respect to individuality,thu...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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B

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