Question 1

John Bowlby argued that infants develop a(n) _____ model of attachment.

Accepted Answer

A)   external working
B)   internal working
C)   external passive
D)   internal passiveE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Identify the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands with which the child must cope.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the match between a child's temperament...

Question 3

What is stranger anxiety,and when does it develop? What is separation protest,and when does it peak?

Accepted Answer

Stranger anxiety is when an infant shows...

Question 4

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment,which of the following occurs during phase 3?

Accepted Answer

A)   Attachment becomes focused on one figure,usually the primary caregiver,as the baby gradually learns to distinguish familiar from unfamiliar people.
B)   Strangers,siblings,and parents are equally likely to elicit smiling or crying from the infant.
C)   Children become aware of others' feelings,goals,and plans and begin to take these into account in forming their own actions.
D)   With increased locomotor skills,babies actively seek contact with regular caregivers,such as the mother or father.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following is a characteristic of reciprocal socialization?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is bidirectional.
B)   It is asynchronous.
C)   It is nontransactional.
D)   It is harmful to infants.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Most of the _____ emotions occur for the first time at some point in the second half of the first year through the second year.

Accepted Answer

A)   unconscious
B)   primary
C)   negative
D)   self-consciousE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

In the Strange Situation,Quentin cries mildly when his caregiver departs.However,he is happy upon reunion,and then,continues to explore once the caregiver has returned.He would be classified as being _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   securely attached
B)   insecure disorganized
C)   insecure resistant
D)   insecure avoidantE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

When put on the floor to play,baby Elaine cries as if she wants to be held.When her mother picks her up though,Elaine pushes away with both arms and turns her head away.Mary Ainsworth would say that Elaine is:

Accepted Answer

A)   securely attached.
B)   insecure avoidant.
C)   insecure resistant.
D)   insecure disorganized.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Which of the following BEST exemplifies the difference between how mothers and fathers interact with their children?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mothers smile more at their children.
B)   Fathers are more physical with their children.
C)   Mothers express more emotions with their children.
D)   Fathers are less affectionate with their children.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Eight-month-old Michael is placed in front of a mirror with a spot of rouge on his nose.Michael will most likely:

Accepted Answer

A)   touch his own nose to wipe off the spot.
B)   touch the spot on the mirror because he wants to wipe the spot off his own nose.
C)   touch the spot on the mirror because he wonders why that other child has a spot on his nose.
D)   crawl away from the mirror because he does not recognize his own reflection in the mirror.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

What is the opinion of experts on infant socioemotional development,such as Jerome Kagan,on the infant's capacity to display emotions like guilt,pride,despair,shame,empathy,and jealousy in the first year?

Accepted Answer

A)   The structural immaturity of the infant brain makes it unlikely that such emotions can be experienced in the first year.
B)   Infants characterized by negative affectivity are more prone to experience such emotions in the first year.
C)   The excitability of the amygdala plays an important role in the development of such emotions.
D)   Cultural differences in temperament prevent Asian infants from experiencing such emotions in the first year.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

The behaviors of mothers and infants involve substantial interconnection,mutual regulation,and synchronization.This temporal coordination of social behavior is termed

Accepted Answer

A)   reflexive temporal nurturing
B)   Parsonian functionalism
C)   dyadic development
D)   parent-infant synchronyE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

During phase 1 of John Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment,what is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   An infant will show signs of attachment toward the caregiver and anxiety toward strangers.
B)   An infant will begin to attach to one person and can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar people.
C)   An infant is securely attached to the mother but is still trying to form an attachment with the father.
D)   An infant is likely to exhibit smiling or crying in response to strangers,siblings,or parents.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Researchers have found that infant fear is linked to all of the following at 6 to 7 years of age EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   guilt.
B)   empathy.
C)   high aggression.
D)   low aggression.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Identify a temperament classification,according to Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas that includes children who (a)are low in activity level,(b)are somewhat negative,and (c)display a low intensity of mood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify a temperament classification,according to Alexander Chess...

Question 16

By 2 to 3 months of age,most infants expect people to react positively when the infants initiate a behavior,such as a smile or a vocalization.This finding has been discovered using a method called the:

Accepted Answer

A)   regulation of affect.
B)   parallel paradigm.
C)   still-face paradigm.
D)   interactive repair.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Five-month-old Caitlyn demonstrates surprise when an unexpected event occurs.This is a demonstration of a(n) _____ emotion.

Accepted Answer

A)   negative
B)   self-conscious
C)   other-conscious
D)   primaryE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following would Erik Erikson be most likely to recommend about soothing a crying infant?

Accepted Answer

A)   Do not soothe the baby because he or she will be spoiled.
B)   Pick up the baby and soothe him or her so that a healthy sense of trust develops.
C)   Allow the infant to cry because this will encourage the development of a self-sufficient child.
D)   Soothe the baby every other time,so that he or she does not become dependent on external comforters.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

_____ emotions appear in the first 6 months of the human infant's development.

Accepted Answer

A)   Primary
B)   Tertiary
C)   Other-conscious
D)   Self-consciousE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Mary Rothbart and John Bates believe that infant temperament falls into which of the following categories?

Accepted Answer

A)   Emotionality,social ability,and activity level
B)   Extraversion/surgency,negative affectivity,and effortful control
C)   Easy,difficult,and slow-to-warm-up
D)   Extraversion,introversion,and emotionalityE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Researchers have found that infant fear is linked to all of the following at 6 to 7 years of age EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ emotions appear in the first 6 months of the human infant's development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mary Rothbart and John Bates believe that infant temperament falls into which of the following categories?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would Erik Erikson be most likely to recommend about soothing a crying infant?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eight-month-old Michael is placed in front of a mirror with a spot of rouge on his nose.Michael will most likely:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By 2 to 3 months of age,most infants expect people to react positively when the infants initiate a behavior,such as a smile or a vocalization.This finding has been discovered using a method called the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify a temperament classification,according to Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas that includes children who (a)are low in activity level,(b)are somewhat negative,and (c)display a low intensity of mood.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The behaviors of mothers and infants involve substantial interconnection,mutual regulation,and synchronization.This temporal coordination of social behavior is termed

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment,which of the following occurs during phase 3?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When put on the floor to play,baby Elaine cries as if she wants to be held.When her mother picks her up though,Elaine pushes away with both arms and turns her head away.Mary Ainsworth would say that Elaine is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John Bowlby argued that infants develop a(n) _____ model of attachment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Strange Situation,Quentin cries mildly when his caregiver departs.However,he is happy upon reunion,and then,continues to explore once the caregiver has returned.He would be classified as being _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is stranger anxiety,and when does it develop? What is separation protest,and when does it peak?

Correct AnswerverifiedStranger anxiety is when an infant shows...View AnswerShow Answer

What is the opinion of experts on infant socioemotional development,such as Jerome Kagan,on the infant's capacity to display emotions like guilt,pride,despair,shame,empathy,and jealousy in the first year?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a characteristic of reciprocal socialization?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most of the _____ emotions occur for the first time at some point in the second half of the first year through the second year.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands with which the child must cope.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Five-month-old Caitlyn demonstrates surprise when an unexpected event occurs.This is a demonstration of a(n) _____ emotion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following BEST exemplifies the difference between how mothers and fathers interact with their children?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During phase 1 of John Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment,what is most likely to occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Stranger anxiety is when an infant shows...
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