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Exam 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

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Question 81

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Recent studies find that a disorganized attachment style developed in infancy only when infants had the short version of the serotonin transporter gene-5-HTTLPR.This gene-environment interaction only occurred when:

A) the infants' other-consciousness is poorly developed in the first six months after birth.
B) mothers showed a low level of responsiveness toward their infants.
C) maternal nutrition was deficient during the prenatal period.
D) the infants were temperamentally inclined toward negative affectivity.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Question 82

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Higher maternal effortful control and positive emotionality was linked to:

A) an increase in the fear response of infants.
B) an increase in reflexive smiling.
C) an increase in crying.
D) an increase in social smiling and laughter.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Question 83

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Jerome Kagan's classification of temperament focuses on:

A mother hands her baby a rattle,saying,"Here you are." She then gently takes the rattle away,smiling and saying,"Thank you." She does this repeatedly,letting the baby keep the rattle for several seconds each time and encouraging the baby to offer the rattle.Eventually,the baby takes the rattle,holds it for a few seconds,and then holds it out to her mother and smiles.This is an example of:

An infant's ability to crawl,walk,and eventually run is called:

Insecure avoidant babies show:

Mary often plays the game peek-a-boo with her baby.Initially,Mary covers her baby and then removes the cover,registering "surprise" at the baby's reappearance.After a time,her baby does the covering and uncovering.This is an example of:

Diego is in the Strange Situation with his caregiver; he explores the room and examines the toys that have been placed in it.He uses the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the room.He would be classified as:

Describe the emotional regulation and coping that infants develop over the initial years.

A recent study examined the synchronous relationship between maternal responses and infants.Mothers who received a negative evaluation and displayed negative emotions had infants who:

Which of the following babies would appear disoriented in the Strange Situation conducted by Mary Ainsworth?

According to Erikson,_____ are keys to establishing a basic trust in infants.

In the second year of life,infants tend to "check" with their mother before they act; they look at her to see if she is happy,angry,or fearful.This is an example of:

Of the following,which would be a good example of scaffolding?

Monsena is an independent and adventurous child who likes to explore new places in her environment.However,her mother is overprotective and forbids Monsena from going to the backyard or garden in their house.Developmental psychologists would say that a discussion of this discrepancy concerns:

This is a form of reciprocal socialization in which parents time interactions in such a way that the infant experiences turn-taking with parents.

In the Strange Situation,Jermaine used his mother as a "safe base" as he actively explored the playroom.Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Jermaine as:

One study of 2- and 3-year-old children revealed that an increase in the number of child-care arrangements the children experienced is linked to a(n) :

In the Strange Situation,Cameron did not explore the playroom,clung to his mother when she was in the room,and was very upset when she left the room.When she returned,he appeared to be ambivalent-both wanting to be comforted by his mother,but pushing her away when she attempted to do so.Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Cameron as:

The fact that infants are captivated by the social world,are attuned to the sounds of human voices,and stare intently at the faces of their caregivers is reflective of their: