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The decimation of American buffalo herds in the late nineteenth century


A) destroyed the ability of Plains Indians to resist the advance of white settlers.
B) was accelerated by Indian tribes who killed large numbers of buffalo to sell to white Americans.
C) happened almost entirely in the space of a single decade.
D) happened almost entirely in the space of a single decade,destroying the ability of Plains Indians to resist the advance of white settlers.
E) All these answers are correct.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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In the late nineteenth century,the popular image of the American West


A) presented a heroic depiction of cowboys.
B) perceived the region to be a place offering true freedom.
C) was promoted by the Rocky Mountain school.
D) both presented a heroic image of cowboys,and was promoted by the Rocky Mountain school.
E) All these answers are correct.

F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

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White agents who observed the Indian "Ghost Dance" often did not understand it.

A) True
B) False

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The 1890 massacre at ________ signaled the end of the western wars against the Native American.

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In the Far West during the nineteenth century,the term coolie


A) was a description for all Asian immigrants.
B) was an epithet used by whites to describe members of Chinese tongs.
C) applied to all non-Indians who came to the Far West before the California gold rush.
D) was a slang term for prostitutes in mining towns.
E) referred to Chinese indentured servants.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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At the end of the Civil War,whites stepped up their wars against the western Indians on several fronts.

A) True
B) False

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From the time of initial colonial contact to the close of the nineteenth century,the relationship between Native Americans and white Americans was marked by a high degree of violence by whites toward Natives.What were the popular ideas and cultural beliefs found in white American society that motivated this violence?

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Secret societies,known as ________,were organized by Chinese Americans.

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By ancestry,the western cattle industry was Mexican and Texan.

A) True
B) False

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By the end of the nineteenth century,the Hispanic presence in California was concentrated in the working class.

A) True
B) False

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The ________ established the first tentative links between Texas cattle breeders and eastern markets.

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In his writings during the late 1800s,the popular author Hamlin Garland


A) romanticized the agrarian life in the West.
B) criticized western farmers for failing to develop a stable industry.
C) reflected the growing disillusionment of western farmers.
D) argued the Plains should be abandoned by Americans.
E) suggested the trials of rural life refined and enlarged the human spirit.

F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Describe and assess the evolution of white American attitudes and policy toward American Indian groups in the last half of the nineteenth century.

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In the late nineteenth century,fences for Plains farms were usually made from


A) barbed wire.
B) stones.
C) wood.
D) sod.
E) brick.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Management of Indian affairs by the federal government was in the hands of the army.

A) True
B) False

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The power of the Navaho and Apache tribes in the Southwest was broken by Hispanic settlers before the arrival of the United States Army.

A) True
B) False

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During the 1840s,Hispanics living in California


A) often lost ownership of their lands.
B) saw an expansion in the power of californios.
C) attempted to revive the Spanish mission society.
D) joined with white Americans to drive out Indians.
E) increasingly became part of the state's middle class.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

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The 1876 Battle of Little Big Horn


A) took place in Wyoming.
B) saw the destruction of the entire Seventh Cavalry.
C) was a short-lived Indian victory.
D) marked the start of prolonged warfare in the Dakotas.
E) saw the Sioux united under Sitting Bull and Geronimo.

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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The Homestead Act of 1862


A) gave without condition 160 acres to all settlers who would move to the West.
B) only applied to public lands within the borders of an organized state.
C) saw settlers on the Plains complain the claims were too large for grain farming.
D) proved to be enormously popular with western ranchers.
E) was expanded by the Timber Culture Act.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

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What deep-rooted American ideals and beliefs are found in the mythic status of western cowboys?

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