Question 1

According to Freud, infants become attached to the person or object:

Accepted Answer

A)   that is perceived to a non-stranger.
B)   that provides physical comfort.
C)   that provides oral satisfaction.
D)   that provides a sense of trust.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Blanca rarely holds her baby Joey and tends to respond to his needs in an angry, irritable fashion. It is most likely that Joey will develop a(n)  _____ with his mother.

Accepted Answer

A)   secure attachment
B)   insecure avoidant attachment
C)   insecure resistant infant attachment
D)   disorganized resistant infant attachmentE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Which of the following statements about self-conscious emotions is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are emotions that are present in humans and other animals.
B)   These emotions appear in the first six months of the infant's development.
C)   They include emotions like surprise, interest, joy, anger, sadness, fear, and disgust.
D)   They involve the emotional reactions of others when they are generated.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

"Easy," "difficult," and "slow-to-warm-up" are three basic types of _____ identified by psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas.

Accepted Answer

A)   trust
B)   emotion
C)   attachment
D)   temperamentE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

What is temperament?

Accepted Answer

Temperament involves individual differen...

Question 6

Later-developing emotions in infants involve the emotional reactions of others.

Accepted Answer

Other-cons...

Question 7

According to John Bowlby, an infant's internal working model of attachment includes a simple mental model of the caregiver, their relationship, and:

Accepted Answer

A)   the self as independent.
B)   the self as deserving of nurturant care.
C)   the self as deserving of constant attention.
D)   the self as helpless.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

In the Strange Situation, Latoya basically ignored her mother, was not upset when she left the room, and did not seek her out when she returned. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as:

Accepted Answer

A)   securely attached.
B)   insecure avoidant.
C)   insecure resistant.
D)   insecure antisocial.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 9

The most frequent expression of an infant's fear involves:

Accepted Answer

A)   fear of heights.
B)   separation protest.
C)   stranger anxiety.
D)   ostracism fear.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which of the following is the time period for phase 3?

Accepted Answer

A)   From birth to 2 months
B)   From 2 to 7 months
C)   From 7 to 24 months
D)   From 24 months onE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Researchers are discovering that infants are more socially sophisticated and insightful at younger ages than previously envisioned. In which aspect is this sophistication and insight reflected?

Accepted Answer

A)   In infants' perceptions of others' actions as intentionally motivated and goal-directed
B)   In infants' awareness of the "self" as an independent entity
C)   In infants' development of more finely refined sensory perceptions, such as vision and hearing
D)   In infants' ability to manipulate objects in an effective mannerE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

John Bowlby argued that infants develop a(n) _____ model of attachment.

Accepted Answer

A)   external working
B)   internal working
C)   external passive
D)   internal passiveE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

One study of 2- and 3-year-old children revealed that an increase in the number of child-care arrangements the children experienced is linked to a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   decrease in reciprocal socialization.
B)   increase in behavioral problems.
C)   increase in prosocial behavior.
D)   increase in secure attachment.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, a(n)  _____ child is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, and adapts easily to new experiences.

Accepted Answer

A)   slow-to-warm-up
B)   easy
C)   difficult
D)   inflexibleE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 15

The _____ model involves connections across domains over time that influences developmental pathways and outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A)   internal working
B)   external working
C)   Strange Situation
D)   developmental cascadeE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 16

According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, a(n)  _____ child has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood.

Accepted Answer

A)   slow-to-warm-up
B)   easy
C)   difficult
D)   flexibleE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding paternal caregiving is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Stay-at-home fathers were as satisfied with their marriage as traditional parents.
B)   They tended to be ostracized when they took their children to playgrounds.
C)   Fathers have the ability to act as sensitively and responsively as mothers with their infants.
D)   Paternal interactions usually center on child-care activities, such as feeding, changing diapers, bathing.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Of the following, which would be a good example of scaffolding?

Accepted Answer

A)   Child-directed speech
B)   Strange situation
C)   A game of peek-a-boo
D)   Social referencingE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 19

Three-month-old Zoey looks up at her mother and smiles. Researchers call this type of smiling:

Accepted Answer

A)   trust smiling.
B)   social smiling.
C)   reflexive smiling.
D)   attachment smiling.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Jerome Kagan and other developmentalists stress that _____ play(s)  more important roles in a child's social competence than the attachment theorists, such as Bowlby and Ainsworth, are willing to acknowledge.

Accepted Answer

A)   the child's genetic characteristics and temperament
B)   the quality of parenting
C)   security of attachment to a primary caregiver
D)   diversity of social contexts in which the child participatesE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Exam 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Blanca rarely holds her baby Joey and tends to respond to his needs in an angry, irritable fashion. It is most likely that Joey will develop a(n) _____ with his mother.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding paternal caregiving is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about self-conscious emotions is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, a(n) _____ child is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, and adapts easily to new experiences.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to John Bowlby, an infant's internal working model of attachment includes a simple mental model of the caregiver, their relationship, and:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is temperament?

Correct AnswerverifiedTemperament involves individual differen...View AnswerShow Answer

One study of 2- and 3-year-old children revealed that an increase in the number of child-care arrangements the children experienced is linked to a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Easy," "difficult," and "slow-to-warm-up" are three basic types of _____ identified by psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John Bowlby argued that infants develop a(n) _____ model of attachment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jerome Kagan and other developmentalists stress that _____ play(s) more important roles in a child's social competence than the attachment theorists, such as Bowlby and Ainsworth, are willing to acknowledge.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most frequent expression of an infant's fear involves:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers are discovering that infants are more socially sophisticated and insightful at younger ages than previously envisioned. In which aspect is this sophistication and insight reflected?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which of the following is the time period for phase 3?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Later-developing emotions in infants involve the emotional reactions of others.

Correct AnswerverifiedOther-cons...View AnswerShow Answer

According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, a(n) _____ child has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _____ model involves connections across domains over time that influences developmental pathways and outcomes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Strange Situation, Latoya basically ignored her mother, was not upset when she left the room, and did not seek her out when she returned. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Three-month-old Zoey looks up at her mother and smiles. Researchers call this type of smiling:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the following, which would be a good example of scaffolding?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud, infants become attached to the person or object:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Temperament involves individual differen...
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Other-cons...
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