Question 1

Bile acid sequestrants are drugs that bind to bile acids in the intestines and prevent their normal reabsorption in the large intestine.How would bile acid sequestrants lower a patient's blood cholesterol level?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bile acids bind to cholesterol in the blood.
B)  Bile acids prevent cholesterol from being absorbed from the diet.
C)  More cholesterol would be converted into bile acids.
D)  Bile acids can be converted into cholesterol.
E)  Cholesterol requires bile acids to be soluble in the blood.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

In animals,the pouch that forms the entrance to the large intestine is the

Accepted Answer

A)  gastrovascular cavity.
B)  rumen.
C)  cecum.
D)  anus.
E)  appendix.F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 3

Kidney stones are calcium-rich crystals that form inside the kidney.What symptoms would you expect if the stones lodge in a ureter?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased urine production
B)  decreased urine pH
C)  increased urine pH
D)  decreased urine production
E)  decreased urine osmolarityF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

The major excretory organ of the human urinary system is the

Accepted Answer

A)  gall bladder.
B)  pancreas.
C)  liver.
D)  adrenal glanD.
E)  kidney.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

To make use of the sugar in milk,your body needs the enzyme

Accepted Answer

A)  lipase.
B)  amylase.
C)  lactase.
D)  pepsin.
E)  bilE.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

The renal vein transports oxygen-rich blood to the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which organism is incorrectly matched with its mode of obtaining nutrients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lions are heterotrophs.
B)  Penguins are heterotrophs.
C)  Spiders are heterotrophs.
D)  Redwood trees are autotrophs.
E)  Termites are autotrophs.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 8

The enzyme that breaks down starch is

Accepted Answer

A)  lipase.
B)  lactase.
C)  pepsin.
D)  amylase.
E)  bilE.F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 9

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulism toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.Which would be inhibited in the gut of a person with botulism?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood circulation
B)  lymphatic circulation
C)  absorption of food
D)  peristalsis
E)  absorption of waterF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

If you detected large amounts of ammonia in mammalian urine,you would know that the mammal in question had serious problems with urinary system physiology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

If you found a giant panda in a hardwood forest in Europe,where no bamboo grows,you would be very surprised since the panda should not have anything to eat there.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that raises blood pressure is

Accepted Answer

A)  epinephrine.
B)  aldosterone.
C)  FSH.
D)  insulin.
E)  testosteroneF) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 13

Beano is a product containing an enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates in beans and other vegetables,thereby reducing gas production when these foods are eaten.Why would humans need to take Beano to avoid gas?

Accepted Answer

A)  If they don't break down the complex carbohydrates,bacteria in their colon will.
B)  If they don't break down the complex carbohydrates,bacteria in their small intestine will.
C)  Complex carbohydrates react with acid in the stomach to produce gas.
D)  Complex carbohydrates react with saliva in the mouth to produce gas.
E)  Complex carbohydrates cannot be broken down and cause constipation.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following diseases is caused by a deficiency of niacin?

Accepted Answer

A)  scurvy
B)  pellagra
C)  rickets
D)  blindness
E)  anemiaF) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 15

The only animals that rely solely on intracellular digestion are

Accepted Answer

A)  earthworms.
B)  sponges.
C)  clams.
D)  starfish.
E)  jellyfish.F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulism toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.What advantage would the bacteria gain by secreting the toxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avoid the immune system.
B)  Prevent the body from excreting the bacteria.
C)  Decrease removal of food from the gut.
D)  Increase respiration.
E)  Prevent other bacteria from growing in the gut.F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 17

Diuretics are commonly prescribed drugs for patients with hypertension because they

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease blood volume and increase blood pressure.
B)  increase blood volume and blood pressure.
C)  decrease blood volume and blood pressure.
D)  increase blood volume and decrease blood pressure.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

In Western countries up to 10% of the population develops gastric ulcers,many due to Helicobacter pylori.One adaptation this bacteria has is to secrete urease that produces the base ammonia from urea.How would this contribute to Helicobacter pylori causing ulcers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ammonia could be used as a food source for bacteriA.
B)  Ammonia would cause the ulcers.
C)  Ammonia would prevent the immune system from killing the bacteria.
D)  Ammonia would neutralize stomach acids allowing bacteria to grow.
E)  Ammonia would kill the bacteria.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 19

In herbivores,the cecum is small because the food they ingest is easily digested.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Mammals excrete nitrogen wastes as what?

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia
B)  urea
C)  nucleotides
D)  uric acid
E)  allatoninF) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Exam 28: The Digestive and Urinary Systems

Which of the following diseases is caused by a deficiency of niacin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major excretory organ of the human urinary system is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Beano is a product containing an enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates in beans and other vegetables,thereby reducing gas production when these foods are eaten.Why would humans need to take Beano to avoid gas?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To make use of the sugar in milk,your body needs the enzyme

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Western countries up to 10% of the population develops gastric ulcers,many due to Helicobacter pylori.One adaptation this bacteria has is to secrete urease that produces the base ammonia from urea.How would this contribute to Helicobacter pylori causing ulcers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In herbivores,the cecum is small because the food they ingest is easily digested.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulism toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.What advantage would the bacteria gain by secreting the toxin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bile acid sequestrants are drugs that bind to bile acids in the intestines and prevent their normal reabsorption in the large intestine.How would bile acid sequestrants lower a patient's blood cholesterol level?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which organism is incorrectly matched with its mode of obtaining nutrients?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In animals,the pouch that forms the entrance to the large intestine is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The enzyme that breaks down starch is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kidney stones are calcium-rich crystals that form inside the kidney.What symptoms would you expect if the stones lodge in a ureter?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you detected large amounts of ammonia in mammalian urine,you would know that the mammal in question had serious problems with urinary system physiology.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that raises blood pressure is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mammals excrete nitrogen wastes as what?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The only animals that rely solely on intracellular digestion are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you found a giant panda in a hardwood forest in Europe,where no bamboo grows,you would be very surprised since the panda should not have anything to eat there.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The renal vein transports oxygen-rich blood to the kidney.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diuretics are commonly prescribed drugs for patients with hypertension because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulism toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.Which would be inhibited in the gut of a person with botulism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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