Question 1

In the late nineteenth century,most American business millionaires

Accepted Answer

A)   railed against the implications of Social Darwinism.
B)   came from financially humble origins.
C)   began their careers from positions of wealth and privilege.
D)   had made their fortunes in the railroad industry.
E)   were living examples of "self-made men."F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 2

Who among the following was NOT significantly associated with the steel industry?

Accepted Answer

A)   James J. Hill
B)   Andrew Carnegie
C)   Henry Clay Frick
D)   Henry Bessemer
E)   J. Pierpont MorganF) B) and C)
G) A) and E) A

Question 3

The business structure of Standard Oil is a good example of

Accepted Answer

A)   horizontal integration.
B)   diagonal integration.
C)   central integration.
D)   vertical and horizontal integration.
E)   vertical integration.F) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 4

In the late nineteenth century,the writer Henry George argued in favor of

Accepted Answer

A)   heavier taxes on the raw materials of industry.
B)   a single land tax to replace all other taxes.
C)   abolishing all taxes.
D)   government efforts to increase land values.
E)   taxing only the richest Americans.F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 5

Orville and Wilbur Wright's first successful airplane flight in 1903

Accepted Answer

A)   took place near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina and did not in fact take off by itself.
B)   did not in fact take off by itself.
C)   lasted just over one minute.
D)   All these answers are correct.
E)   took place near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

In the late nineteenth century,Daniel De Leon

Accepted Answer

A)   led the American Federation of Labor.
B)   led the Socialist Labor Party in the United States.
C)   became a strong advocate of Taylorism.
D)   argued that large corporations were ultimately of benefit to American workers.
E)   created the ideas of laissez-faire capitalism.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

During the late nineteenth century,the growth of large corporations was helped by

Accepted Answer

A)   All these answers are correct.
B)   both sales of company stock to the public and "limited liability" laws.
C)   "limited liability" laws.
D)   sales of company stock to the public.
E)   the realization that great ventures could not be financed by any single person.F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 8

The Haymarket Square riot of 1886

Accepted Answer

A)   was the catalyst for several wide-ranging labor reforms.
B)   took place in Indianapolis.
C)   resulted in a strike at the McCormick Harvester Company.
D)   resulted in the conviction and execution of several anarchists.
E)   led to public outrage over the police firing into a crowd of workers.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 9

The Pullman strike of 1894 began when George Pullman,owner of the company,

Accepted Answer

A)   ordered rail workers to move into company-owned housing.
B)   began hiring African American workers in his factories.
C)   referred to workers as his "children."
D)   cut wages by twenty-five percent due to a slumping economy.
E)   refused to implement an eight-hour work day.F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 10

In the American business community at the end of the nineteenth century,

Accepted Answer

A)   most states had made it illegal for one corporation to buy another one.
B)   rampant competitiveness and labor shortages helped to keep prices down and wages up.
C)   one percent of corporations controlled one-third of all manufacturing.
D)   almost all corporations had achieved stability through "pool" arrangements.
E)   federal reforms of corporations had ended the most predatory business practices.F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 11

Why were labor unions not more successful during the late nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

Labor unions in the late nineteenth century faced numerous challenges that limited their success. Several factors contributed to the struggles of labor unions during this period:

1. Hostile Legal and Political Environment: The legal and political climate of the late nineteenth century was generally unfavorable to labor unions. Courts often ruled against labor organizations, deeming strikes and other collective actions as conspiracies that interfered with free trade. The use of injunctions to break strikes and the enforcement of the Sherman Antitrust Act against unions further weakened their position.

2. Employer Resistance: Employers were often vehemently opposed to unionization and used various tactics to suppress union activities. They employed strikebreakers, created blacklists to prevent union activists from finding work, and established company unions to undermine independent labor unions. Employers also used lockouts and other punitive measures to break the will of striking workers.

3. Division Among Workers: The labor force was highly fragmented along lines of skill, ethnicity, race, and gender. Skilled workers often formed their own craft unions, which were separate from the unions of unskilled workers. This division weakened the overall solidarity and bargaining power of the labor movement. Additionally, many unions excluded women and people of color, further limiting their potential membership base.

4. Economic Conditions: Periods of economic downturn, such as the Panic of 1873 and the Depression of the 1890s, weakened the bargaining power of workers and made it more difficult for unions to maintain membership and conduct successful strikes. Workers facing unemployment were less likely to risk their jobs by joining unions or participating in strikes.

5. Violence and Public Opinion: Labor disputes often turned violent, with incidents such as the Haymarket Riot of 1886 and the Homestead Strike of 1892 leading to negative public perceptions of labor unions. The association of unions with violence and radicalism, whether fair or not, damaged their reputation and made it harder to gain widespread support.

6. Internal Conflicts: Disagreements over strategy and ideology within the labor movement itself also hindered the effectiveness of unions. Different factions advocated for various approaches, ranging from political action to direct confrontation with employers, leading to a lack of unified direction.

7. Lack of Government Support: Unlike in some European countries, where governments began to pass laws improving working conditions and supporting the right to unionize, the U.S. government largely stayed out of labor disputes or sided with employers. Without government backing, unions had a harder time achieving their goals.

Despite these challenges, labor unions did make some gains during the late nineteenth century, including the establishment of the eight-hour workday for some workers and improvements in working conditions in certain industries. However, it was not until the twentieth century, particularly during the New Deal era, that labor unions gained significant legal protections and widespread acceptance.

Question 12

The business structure of Carnegie Steel was a good example of

Accepted Answer

A)   diagonal integration.
B)   vertical and horizontal integration.
C)   central integration.
D)   horizontal integration.
E)   vertical integration.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 13

In the late nineteenth century,the needs of the American steel industry directly contributed to the further development of all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   the oil industry.
B)   freighters on the Great Lakes.
C)   steam engine technology.
D)   the railroad industry.
E)   the automobile industry.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

There was significant use of air power in World War I,but commercial air flights did not seem like a possibility until Charles Lindbergh's flight in the 1920s.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The Knights of Labor

Accepted Answer

A)   did not allow women to join.
B)   tried in particular to enlist support for their cause from lawyers.
C)   was primarily a trade union.
D)   began as a secret fraternal organization.
E)   focused its efforts on improving wages and reducing hours.F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

What factors in society and the business community during the late nineteenth century that would likely determine an individual's prospects for economic success were not considered in the ideal of the "self-made man"?

Accepted Answer

The ideal of the "self-made man" in the ...

Question 17

Social Darwinism was designed to eliminate competition in the marketplace.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The history of American business organization saw the "pool" replace the "trust."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 19

Until its repeal in 1885,the Labor Contract Law

Accepted Answer

A)   prevented the formation of labor unions.
B)   discouraged immigration from non-European countries.
C)   put many new immigrants in debt to American businessmen.
D)   mandated that each worker sign an individual contract with a company.
E)   was an attempt to reform American business practices.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 20

At the end of the nineteenth century,the average income of an American worker was somewhat higher than the minimum required to maintain a reasonable level of comfort.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 17: Industrial Supremacy Key

In the late nineteenth century,most American business millionaires

Correct Answer
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Who among the following was NOT significantly associated with the steel industry?

Correct Answer
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A

The business structure of Standard Oil is a good example of

Correct Answer
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In the late nineteenth century,the writer Henry George argued in favor of

Correct Answer
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Orville and Wilbur Wright's first successful airplane flight in 1903

Correct Answer
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In the late nineteenth century,Daniel De Leon

Correct Answer
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During the late nineteenth century,the growth of large corporations was helped by

Correct Answer
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The Haymarket Square riot of 1886

Correct Answer
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The Pullman strike of 1894 began when George Pullman,owner of the company,

Correct Answer
verified

In the American business community at the end of the nineteenth century,

Correct Answer
verified

Why were labor unions not more successful during the late nineteenth century?

The business structure of Carnegie Steel was a good example of

Correct Answer
verified

In the late nineteenth century,the needs of the American steel industry directly contributed to the further development of all of the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

There was significant use of air power in World War I,but commercial air flights did not seem like a possibility until Charles Lindbergh's flight in the 1920s.

Correct Answer
verified

The Knights of Labor

Correct Answer
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What factors in society and the business community during the late nineteenth century that would likely determine an individual's prospects for economic success were not considered in the ideal of the "self-made man"?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The ideal of the "self-made man" in the ...
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Social Darwinism was designed to eliminate competition in the marketplace.

Correct Answer
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The history of American business organization saw the "pool" replace the "trust."

Correct Answer
verified
False

Until its repeal in 1885,the Labor Contract Law

Correct Answer
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At the end of the nineteenth century,the average income of an American worker was somewhat higher than the minimum required to maintain a reasonable level of comfort.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 17: Industrial Supremacy Key

In the late nineteenth century,most American business millionaires

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who among the following was NOT significantly associated with the steel industry?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The business structure of Standard Oil is a good example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the late nineteenth century,the writer Henry George argued in favor of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Orville and Wilbur Wright's first successful airplane flight in 1903

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the late nineteenth century,Daniel De Leon

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the late nineteenth century,the growth of large corporations was helped by

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The Haymarket Square riot of 1886

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The Pullman strike of 1894 began when George Pullman,owner of the company,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the American business community at the end of the nineteenth century,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why were labor unions not more successful during the late nineteenth century?

The business structure of Carnegie Steel was a good example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the late nineteenth century,the needs of the American steel industry directly contributed to the further development of all of the following EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There was significant use of air power in World War I,but commercial air flights did not seem like a possibility until Charles Lindbergh's flight in the 1920s.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Knights of Labor

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What factors in society and the business community during the late nineteenth century that would likely determine an individual's prospects for economic success were not considered in the ideal of the "self-made man"?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe ideal of the "self-made man" in the ...View AnswerShow Answer

Social Darwinism was designed to eliminate competition in the marketplace.

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The history of American business organization saw the "pool" replace the "trust."

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

Until its repeal in 1885,the Labor Contract Law

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At the end of the nineteenth century,the average income of an American worker was somewhat higher than the minimum required to maintain a reasonable level of comfort.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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Answered by ExamLex AI
The ideal of the "self-made man" in the ...
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False

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