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Between 1840 and 1860, the American Southern slave population


A) could not meet the labor needs.
B) changed little.
C) dramatically shifted into the Southwest.
D) declined in overall numbers.
E) became concentrated in the upper South.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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In 1850, outside of the United States, slavery in the Western Hemisphere existed in


A) Colombia.
B) Brazil.
C) the Virgin Islands.
D) Haiti.
E) no other country.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

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As compared to nineteenth-century white practices, religious services for American slaves


A) were not allowed by law to mention freedom.
B) were often more emotional.
C) were generally more despondent and melancholy than white services.
D) denied all references to their African heritage.
E) emphasized subservience and submission to God.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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The massive and traumatic relocation of African Americans in the antebellum period has been called


A) the Great Migration.
B) the Second Great Awakening.
C) the Trail of Tears.
D) the Road to Canaan.
E) the Second Middle Passage.

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Prior to 1860, affluent Southern white women


A) had created the most significant challenge to slavery in the South.
B) occupied a significantly different role from their Northern counterparts.
C) commonly held income-producing jobs.
D) typically played an important role in public activities.
E) centered their lives in the home.

F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

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From the 1830s on, state laws governing slavery became gradually less rigid.

A) True
B) False

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Most enslaved blacks lived


A) on small farms.
B) on medium- to large-size plantations.
C) in urban areas.
D) in rigidly controlled circumstances.
E) in Virginia and the Carolinas.

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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James De Bow argued that the South should pursue agricultural development, while relying on the North for industrial goods and capital.

A) True
B) False

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The New Orleans magazine publisher, James B.D.De Bow, championed


A) Southern economic independence from the North.
B) Southern commercial and agricultural growth.
C) closer economic ties with the North.
D) Southern economic independence from the North and Southern commercial and agricultural growth.
E) closer economic ties with the North and Southern commercial and agricultural growth.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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In the 1850s, the Southern social theorist George Fitzhugh wrote that women


A) had an obligation to obey.
B) were like children.
C) had the single right to be protected.
D) All the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Rice and sugar production in the antebellum South


A) had short growing seasons.
B) were concentrated in a relatively small geographic area.
C) had difficulty sustaining profits for growers.
D) was in considerable decline by the 1850s.
E) threatened to overwhelm cotton production in the lower South.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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Most white Southerners owned


A) no slaves.
B) one slave.
C) two slaves.
D) three to five slaves.
E) six to ten slaves.

F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

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It is said that the South "grew, but it did not ____________."

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To the degree that the South developed a nonfarm commercial sector, it was largely to serve the needs of the _______________________.

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Within the slave family, women had special burdens, but also a special authority.

A) True
B) False

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Southern white lower-class resentment of the aristocratic system was most likely to be found in


A) the cities.
B) river and ocean port towns.
C) the upper South.
D) the mountain regions.
E) the Deep South.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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In the American slave family


A) most couples did not formally marry.
B) black women typically began bearing children later than white women.
C) premarital pregnancy was uncommon.
D) extended kinship networks were strong and important.
E) premarital cohabitation was frowned upon.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Compare and contrast the working and living conditions of black Southern slaves to the lives of white Northern factory workers during the first half of the nineteenth century.

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The central ideology of slavery, and the vital instrument of white control, was


A) fraternity.
B) maternalism.
C) paternalism.
D) sorority.
E) egalitarianism.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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The mountain regions were the only parts of the South to resist the movement toward secession when it finally developed.

A) True
B) False

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