Question 1

Parents who discuss their childhoods with objectivity and balance,regardless of whether their experiences were positive or negative,tend to have __________ infants.

Accepted Answer

A)   avoidant
B)   insecurely attached
C)   disorganized/disoriented
D)   securely attachedE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Which mother would be most likely to discourage the expression of strong emotion in her baby?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hope, who is from the UK
B)   Hetta, who is from Germany
C)   Kendra, who is from Canada
D)   Nedege, who is from rural CameroonE) A) and B)
F) None of the above D

Question 3

Emotions __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   become less complex with age
B)   are clear and well-organized from birth
C)   become less varied as children grow
D)   play a powerful role in discovery of the selfE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

Individual differences in __________ contribute to the contrasting temperaments of shyness and sociability.

Accepted Answer

A)   birth weight
B)   brain plasticity
C)   the size of the frontal lobe
D)   arousal of the amygdalaE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Infants' emotional expressions are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   closely tied to their ability to interpret the emotional cues of others
B)   easy for researchers to categorize because they are clearly recognizable
C)   hardwired at birth, and their responses to emotional cues are automatic
D)   consistent across cultures and emerge in stagelike sequencesE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Basic emotions __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   appear in the middle of the second year
B)   are universal in humans
C)   are found only among humans
D)   involve injury to our sense of selfE) C) and D)
F) B) and C) B

Question 7

Once wariness develops,infants __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   show little stranger anxiety
B)   lose interest in peers
C)   refuse to explore their surroundings
D)   use the familiar caregiver as a secure baseE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

__________ involves creating child-rearing environments that recognize each child's temperament while simultaneously encouraging more adaptive functioning.

Accepted Answer

A)   Goodness of fit
B)   Ethological theory of attachment
C)   Emotional self-regulation
D)   Effortful controlE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 9

As infants understand more about their world,they laugh __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   at events with subtler elements of surprise
B)   only in response to very active stimuli
C)   at dynamic, eye-catching sights
D)   less oftenE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Although __________ family-reared babies become attached to a familiar caregiver by __________,the quality of this relationship varies.

Accepted Answer

A)   most; 6 weeks of age
B)   all; 4 months of age
C)   most; 4 months of age
D)   all; the second yearE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Most neurobiological research has focused on children who fall at opposite extremes of the __________ and __________ dimensions of temperament.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive-affect; fearful-distress
B)   effortful-control; activity-level
C)   attention-span; irritable-distress
D)   activity-level; positive-affectE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 12

According to Bowlby,the __________ becomes a vital part of personality,serving as a guide for all future close relationships.

Accepted Answer

A)   Strange Situation
B)   internal working model
C)   "clear-cut" attachment phase
D)   preattachment phaseE) A) and D)
F) B) and D) B

Question 13

In Thomas and Chess's New York Longitudinal Study,35 percent of the children __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   were classified as easy children
B)   did not fit any of the categories
C)   were classified as slow-to-warm-up children
D)   were classified as difficult childrenE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Newborn babies respond with __________ to changes in body temperature.

Accepted Answer

A)   fear
B)   generalized distress
C)   generalized happiness
D)   surpriseE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Bowlby was inspired by Konrad Lorenz's studies of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   shyness
B)   imprinting
C)   modeling
D)   sociabilityE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 16

The Attachment Q-Sort __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   differentiates between types of insecurity
B)   is less time-consuming than the Strange Situation
C)   takes a baby through eight short episodes of separation and reunion
D)   requires either a parent or an observer to categorize 90 descriptive behaviorsE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 17

In Western cultures,paternal __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   warmth contributes little to children's long-term favorable development
B)   play sensitivity predicts a resistant father-child attachment in adolescence
C)   warmth and secure attachment are associated with higher academic achievement
D)   warmth promotes a short-term, but not a long-term, reduction in behavior problemsE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Baby Nathan is most likely to develop attachments to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   his mother only
B)   a variety of familiar people
C)   his father, but only when his mother is unavailable
D)   any female caregivers who feed himE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Describe separation anxiety.When does it occur?

Accepted Answer

Separation anxiety is the degree to whic...

Question 20

Emotional self-regulation __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   requires voluntary, effortful management of emotions
B)   refers to quickness and intensity of emotional arousal
C)   declines rapidly during the first few years
D)   is more evident in infants than in preschoolersE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 6: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Parents who discuss their childhoods with objectivity and balance,regardless of whether their experiences were positive or negative,tend to have __________ infants.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which mother would be most likely to discourage the expression of strong emotion in her baby?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Emotions __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Individual differences in __________ contribute to the contrasting temperaments of shyness and sociability.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Infants' emotional expressions are __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Basic emotions __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Once wariness develops,infants __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ involves creating child-rearing environments that recognize each child's temperament while simultaneously encouraging more adaptive functioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As infants understand more about their world,they laugh __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although __________ family-reared babies become attached to a familiar caregiver by __________,the quality of this relationship varies.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most neurobiological research has focused on children who fall at opposite extremes of the __________ and __________ dimensions of temperament.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Bowlby,the __________ becomes a vital part of personality,serving as a guide for all future close relationships.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

In Thomas and Chess's New York Longitudinal Study,35 percent of the children __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Newborn babies respond with __________ to changes in body temperature.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bowlby was inspired by Konrad Lorenz's studies of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Attachment Q-Sort __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Western cultures,paternal __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Baby Nathan is most likely to develop attachments to __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe separation anxiety.When does it occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedSeparation anxiety is the degree to whic...View AnswerShow Answer

Emotional self-regulation __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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B

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Although family-reared babies become attached to a familiar caregiver by ,the quality of this relationship varies.

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Most neurobiological research has focused on children who fall at opposite extremes of the and dimensions of temperament.

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B

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Separation anxiety is the degree to whic...
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