Question 1

Older infants and toddlers are more likely to imitate __________ than __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   adults; children
B)   arbitrary; purposeful behaviors on objects
C)   purposeful; arbitrary behaviors on objects
D)   a series of actions; a single sensorimotor behaviorE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Six-month-old Eva dropped her teething ring in a fairly rigid way, simply letting go and watching it with interest. This example demonstrates Piaget's belief that at first, schemes are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   sensorimotor action patterns
B)   deliberate and creative
C)   preoperational thought
D)   disorganized and randomE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Professor Hellinger believes that babies are born with a set of innate knowledge systems. Professor Hellinger's beliefs are consistent with the __________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)   sociocultural
B)   core knowledge
C)   information-processing
D)   sensorimotorE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

__________ are slightly ahead of __________ in early vocabulary growth.

Accepted Answer

A)   Boys; girls
B)   Shy toddlers; outgoing toddlers
C)   Girls; boys
D)   Low-SES children; high-SES childrenE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Follow-up research on infant cognitive development suggests that mastery of object permanence __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   is not possible until age 2
B)   occurs in Piaget's Substage 4
C)   becomes increasingly complex with age
D)   develops suddenly, at around 4 monthsE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Apart from direct contact with the environment, schemes also change through __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   organization
B)   circular motion
C)   deferred imitation
D)   heredityE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Piaget's __________ stage is the most complex period of development.

Accepted Answer

A)   sensorimotor
B)   preoperational
C)   concrete operational
D)   formal operationalE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Awareness of object permanence is not yet complete in Piaget's Substage 4 because babies __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   still make the A-not-B search error
B)   have schemes with a hit-or-miss quality
C)   have schemes that appear as sudden solutions
D)   are not yet able to retrieve hidden objectsE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Follow-up research on Piaget's sensorimotor stage yields broad agreement that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the cognitive changes of infancy are stagelike
B)   the cognitive changes of infancy are abrupt
C)   all aspects of infant cognition develop together
D)   various aspects of infant cognition change unevenlyE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Social interactionists __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   note that brain regions housing language also govern similar perceptual and cognitive abilities, such as the capacity to analyze musical patterns
B)   point out that grammatical competence may depend more on specific brain structures than other components of language
C)   hold that an active child strives to communicate, which cues her caregivers to provide appropriate language experiences
D)   assume that children make sense of their complex language environments by applying powerful cognitive capacities of a general kindE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Herb and Nyla value make-believe as a developmentally beneficial activity. They would like to promote their 18-month-old daughter's play. You can tell them that toddlers' make-believe is more elaborate when __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   they play alone
B)   they do not use props
C)   adults participate
D)   other toddlers participateE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Studies of infantile amnesia suggest that __________ contributes to the end of infantile amnesia.

Accepted Answer

A)   an implicit memory system
B)   acquiring mnemonic strategies
C)   the development of object permanence
D)   the advent of a clear self-imageE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Which statement about categorization is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Not until the preschool years can children categorize flexibly.
B)   Toddlers' categorization skills are not evident in their play behaviors.
C)   Toddlers' vocabulary growth promotes categorization.
D)   Toddlers do not categorize their emotional or social worlds.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 14

The strongest effects of Early Head Start programs occurred at sites __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   in urban settings
B)   in rural settings
C)   mixing center- and home-visiting services
D)   that did not provide home-visiting servicesE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Core knowledge theorists argue that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   babies construct all mental representations out of sensorimotor activity
B)   newborns begin life with a set of biases for attending to certain information
C)   babies are born with core domains of thought that permit a ready grasp of information
D)   complex mental activities have their origins in social interaction with more mature members of societyE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 16

Define the concepts of adaptation, assimilation, and accommodation. Explain how the balance between assimilation and accommodation varies over time with regard to cognitive equilibrium and disequilibrium.

Accepted Answer

Adaptation involves building schemes thr...

Question 17

In the short-term memory store, __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   information is retained briefly so we can actively "work on" it to reach our goals
B)   sights and sounds are represented directly and stored briefly
C)   incoming information is coordinated with information already in the system
D)   information is permanently storedE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Two-month-old Penny makes vowel-like noises. This is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   babbling
B)   telegraphic speech
C)   child-directed speech
D)   cooingE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 19

__________ control(s)  attention by inhibiting impulses and by flexibly directing thought and behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   Automatic processes
B)   Working memory
C)   Executive function
D)   Mirror neuronsE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 20

The circular reaction initially centers on __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the manipulation of objects
B)   internal depictions of events
C)   the infant's own motor activity
D)   imitation of familiar behaviorsE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Exam 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Herb and Nyla value make-believe as a developmentally beneficial activity. They would like to promote their 18-month-old daughter's play. You can tell them that toddlers' make-believe is more elaborate when __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies of infantile amnesia suggest that __________ contributes to the end of infantile amnesia.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Define the concepts of adaptation, assimilation, and accommodation. Explain how the balance between assimilation and accommodation varies over time with regard to cognitive equilibrium and disequilibrium.

Correct AnswerverifiedAdaptation involves building schemes thr...View AnswerShow Answer

Piaget's __________ stage is the most complex period of development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two-month-old Penny makes vowel-like noises. This is an example of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The circular reaction initially centers on __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Follow-up research on infant cognitive development suggests that mastery of object permanence __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social interactionists __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ control(s) attention by inhibiting impulses and by flexibly directing thought and behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ are slightly ahead of __________ in early vocabulary growth.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Apart from direct contact with the environment, schemes also change through __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Hellinger believes that babies are born with a set of innate knowledge systems. Professor Hellinger's beliefs are consistent with the __________ perspective.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Older infants and toddlers are more likely to imitate __________ than __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Awareness of object permanence is not yet complete in Piaget's Substage 4 because babies __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Six-month-old Eva dropped her teething ring in a fairly rigid way, simply letting go and watching it with interest. This example demonstrates Piaget's belief that at first, schemes are __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The strongest effects of Early Head Start programs occurred at sites __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the short-term memory store, __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement about categorization is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Core knowledge theorists argue that __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Follow-up research on Piaget's sensorimotor stage yields broad agreement that __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Adaptation involves building schemes thr...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

are slightly ahead of in early vocabulary growth.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Older infants and toddlers are more likely to imitate than .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified