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According to goal-setting theory, in order for goals to enhance motivation and performance they must be


A) accompanied by monetary rewards.
B) accompanied by feedback.
C) tied directly to the principles of scientific management.
D) put into the labor contract.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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________ is based on the notion that setting ambitious but attainable goals will improve motivation and performance if the goals are accepted, accompanied by feedback, and facilitated by organizational conditions.


A) Theory J
B) Goal-setting theory
C) Scientific management
D) The principle of performance feedback

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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In Maslow's view, social needs include the need to feel loved and accepted.

A) True
B) False

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The best strategy to deal with a perceived inequity in the compensation of different employees is to require that salaries and other forms of compensation are kept secret.

A) True
B) False

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A major conclusion of the Hawthorne studies was that the best way to motivate employees is with monetary incentives such as pay raises and bonuses.

A) True
B) False

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Herzberg found that the sense of achievement employees experienced when they performed their jobs was an important motivator.

A) True
B) False

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According to equity theory, if employees perceive that their level of effort is greater than their compensation, they will work to increase their productivity.

A) True
B) False

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If managers want to retain their employees, a good strategy may involve mentoring them for more senior roles in the organization and provide opportunities for job advancement.

A) True
B) False

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Vroom's expectancy theory contends that prior to committing maximum effort to a task, employees want to know if they can accomplish the task and if it will equally reward everyone at work, even if others were not involved in the accomplishment of the task.

A) True
B) False

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In analyzing the differences among Theories X, Y, and Z managers, it is appropriate to assess that


A) Theory Z managers believe that employees prefer to be directed.
B) Theory Z managers understand that workers prefer to work by themselves, and will do their best work individually rather than with a team.
C) Theory Z managers believe that getting employees more involved in work-related decisions will generally increase productivity.
D) Theory Z managers believe that decision making is not part of an employee's responsibilities.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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The basic principle of equity theory is that employees try to


A) maintain equity between inputs and outputs compared to people in similar positions.
B) ensure that performance standards are fair and attainable.
C) earn as much as possible with as little work as possible.
D) achieve the mutually agreed upon goals of management and employees.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Anna has worked for the Nutty Boys Nut Butter Company for several years now and was recently recognized as one of the company's best employees. Her coworkers respect and admire her, and she feels good about herself. According to Maslow, the type of needs that are likely to motivate Anna in the future are


A) social needs.
B) self-actualization needs.
C) physiological needs.
D) safety needs.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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A problem with equity judgments is that employees often ________ their own contributions to the success of a business.


A) overestimate
B) refuse to consider
C) do not care about
D) are unaware of

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Theory Y managers assume that most people are capable of using a relatively high degree of imagination and creativity to solve problems.

A) True
B) False

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Describe and compare the basic contributions of Maslow and Herzberg to the understanding of worker motivation.

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Abraham Maslow's main contribution to th...

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Sheldon has just successfully negotiated a new long-term sales agreement with a major client. The personal satisfaction Sheldon has about his efforts is his ________ reward.


A) external
B) extrinsic
C) intrinsic
D) reciprocal

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Frederick Taylor's goal was to find ways to improve worker motivation by making work more interesting and challenging.

A) True
B) False

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According to ________ the amount of effort employees devote to a task depends on their expectations of the outcome.


A) scientific management theory
B) the feedback principle
C) the linkage effect
D) expectancy theory

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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If "fun and stimulation" are rated as important job criteria by Millennials, which of the following might be a way to motivate this generation?


A) Simplify jobs so that they have time for fun between tasks.
B) Simplify jobs so that they do not have to work longer than six-hour days.
C) Provide opportunity for innovation and job rotation.
D) Separate the work spaces of Millennials from Gen X and Baby Boomers.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Frederick Taylor's ideas about improving worker productivity attracted a lot of attention at the time, but had little lasting significance.

A) True
B) False

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