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Exam 10: Motivating Employees

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Question 151

Multiple Choice

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The first step toward establishing open communication within an organization is to:

A) create a clear chain of command much like the one found in military organizations.
B) set up a computer network.
C) place suggestion boxes in every department.
D) create an organizational culture that rewards listening.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Question 152

Multiple Choice

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Equity judgments are based on:

A) quantifiable evidence.
B) deductive reasoning.
C) statistical extrapolation.
D) people's perceptions.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Question 153

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The most important impact of the Hawthorne studies was that it:

Open communication strategies include the removal of physical barriers such as separate offices.

Managers who make Theory X assumptions about employees tend to watch their subordinates very closely and provide detailed instructions to employees about how they should do their jobs.

The goal of William Ouchi was to develop a modified business culture that blends the best of Type J with the best of Type A.

Progressive managers are rewarding good work in all kinds of ways including family trips, informal events at work, and just letting everyone know when someone does a good job.

Job simplification attempts to increase task efficiency by breaking the job into simple steps and assigning people to perform each of those steps.

Elton Mayo conducted studies know as the Hawthorne Studies and became known as the father of scientific management.

Vroom's expectancy theory contends that prior to committing maximum effort to a task, employees want to know if they can accomplish the task and if it will equally reward everyone at work, even if others were not involved in the accomplishment of the task.

As a motivational technique, open communication is enhanced when management provides several opportunities for employees to congregate and share ideas.

According to McGregor, Theory X managers motivate employees by giving them a great deal of freedom and responsibility.

Describe the contributions of scientific management to improving worker productivity. What are some of the limitations of this approach?

Marissa works for a large pharmaceutical company in the greater Chicago area. Last week she visited with an advisor at the nearby university because her employer encourages workers to continue their education and gives them time off to go to academic related appointments, even during regularly scheduled work hours. One would assume that management at Marissa's company values the results of the Hawthorne studies, more so than traditional scientific management principles.

If managers want to retain their employees, a good strategy may involve mentoring them for more senior roles in the organization and provide opportunities for job advancement.

Even if there are cultural differences across the globe, reward preferences do not vary across cultures.

Herzberg's research identified the key factors that motivate workers, including company policies and administration, wage rates, interpersonal relations with co-workers, and physical environment at work.

According to Herzberg's views, which of the following strategies would be most likely to result in a higher level of worker motivation?

The late famous broadcast journalist Walter Cronkite said that one of his regrets in life was not actively participating in the space program as an astronaut. Back in the 1980s, he was selected as a candidate to be the first journalist to fly into space, but NASA decided to take a teacher instead. In some ways, this may appear as though Cronkite was pursuing a self-esteem need; however, having already achieved celebrity status, for Cronkite, this was the pursuit of a self-actualization need.

Charlie, the CEO of Collier Chemical, likes to boast that his company offers the highest salaries in the industry, has excellent working conditions, and has clear and consistent company policies. Yet he admits his workforce is not highly motivated. Herzberg's research suggests that Collier Chemical is having difficulty motivating its employees because it focuses on: