Question 1

Researchers are discovering that infants are more socially sophisticated and insightful at younger ages than scholars previously envisioned. In which aspect is this sophistication and insight reflected?

Accepted Answer

A)   In infants' perceptions of others' actions as intentionally motivated and goal directed
B)   In infants' awareness of the "self" as an independent entity
C)   In infants' development of more finely refined sensory perceptions, such as vision and hearing
D)   In infants' ability to manipulate objects in an effective mannerE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Which of the following are "other-conscious" emotions?

Accepted Answer

A)   Interest, surprise, and joy
B)   Pride, shame, and guilt
C)   Disgust, fear, and anger
D)   Fear, interest, and sadnessE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Caregivers of _____ babies tend to be unavailable or rejecting, unresponsive, and easily irritated.

Accepted Answer

A)   adaptive
B)   avoidant
C)   resistant
D)   disorganizedE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Which statement is FALSE regarding Kagan's concept of behavioral inhibition?

Accepted Answer

A)   Inhibited children react to unfamiliar adults but not unfamiliar peers.
B)   It focuses on the differences between shy, subdued children and extraverted, bold children.
C)   Inhibited behaviors of avoidance and distress begin around seven to nine months of age.
D)   Inhibited behaviors in infants have been associated with social anxiety disorder in adolescence.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

In their longitudinal investigation, Chess and Thomas found that _____ of the children they studied could be classified as easy.

Accepted Answer

A)   25%
B)   30%
C)   40%
D)   55%E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following characterizes phase one of Bowlby's model of attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)   Infants instinctively direct their attachment to human figures.
B)   Children become aware of others' feelings, goals, and plans, and begin to take these into account in forming their own actions.
C)   Attachment becomes focused on one figure, usually the primary caregiver.
D)   Infants start to lose attachment to their primary caregivers.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 7

When infants become stressed, they show better biological recovery from the stressors when their caregivers:

Accepted Answer

A)   ignore the infant's responses.
B)   give the infants something sweet to eat.
C)   engage in sensitive caregiving with them.
D)   focus on stressors in the environment.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

The results of the study conducted by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in 1991 indicate that:

Accepted Answer

A)   extensive use of day care hurts parent-child relationships.
B)   the influence of families and parenting is not weakened by extensive use of day care.
C)   a majority of the child care in the first three years of life was of high quality.
D)   child-care quality was linked to attachment security at 36 months of age.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

In the Strange Situation, Quentin cries mildly when his caregiver departs; however, he is happy upon reunion, and then continues to explore once the caregiver has returned. He would be classified as:

Accepted Answer

A)   securely attached.
B)   insecure disorganized.
C)   insecure resistant.
D)   insecure avoidant.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Especially in infancy, emotions play important roles in:

Accepted Answer

A)   cognition.
B)   communication.
C)   sensation.
D)   suckling.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

The development of _____ helps infants interpret ambiguous situations more accurately, as when they encounter a stranger.

Accepted Answer

A)   infinite generativity
B)   deferred imitation
C)   social referencing
D)   reciprocal socializationE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding separation protests?

Accepted Answer

A)   The percentage of infants who engaged in separation protest varied across cultures.
B)   Infants reached a peak of protest at about the same age across cultures.
C)   It is initially displayed by infants at approximately 13 to 15 months.
D)   It peaks at about 19 months among U.S. infants.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

In the Strange Situation, Latoya basically ignored her mother, was not upset when she left the room, and did not seek her out when she returned. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as:

Accepted Answer

A)   securely attached.
B)   insecure avoidant.
C)   insecure resistant.
D)   insecure antisocial.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Twenty-four-month-old Tyler is placed in front of a mirror with a spot of rouge on his nose. Tyler will MOST likely:

Accepted Answer

A)   touch his own nose to wipe off the spot.
B)   touch the spot on the mirror, because he wants to wipe the spot off his own nose.
C)   touch the spot on the mirror, because he wonders why that other child has a spot on his nose.
D)   crawl away from the mirror, because he does not recognize himself with the spot on his nose.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Cornell is only a few months old, but he is able to use emotions to show when he's interested in something and when he is afraid. His emotions are filling the necessary role of:

Accepted Answer

A)   cognition.
B)   communication.
C)   sensation.
D)   personalization.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 16

Later-developing emotions in infants, appearing after six months of age, which involve the emotional reactions of others.

Accepted Answer

Other-cons...

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE of social smiling?

Accepted Answer

A)   It does not occur in response to external stimuli.
B)   It appears during the first month after birth.
C)   It usually appears during sleep.
D)   The external stimulus is typically a face, in the case of young infants.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, a(n)  _____ child reacts negatively and cries frequently, engages in irregular daily routines, and is slow to accept change.

Accepted Answer

A)   slow-to-warm-up
B)   easy
C)   difficult
D)   inflexibleE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 19

When put on the floor to play, baby Elaine cries as if she wants to be held. When her mother picks her up, though, Elaine pushes away with both arms and turns her head away. Mary Ainsworth would say that Elaine is:

Accepted Answer

A)   securely attached.
B)   insecure avoidant.
C)   insecure resistant.
D)   insecure organized.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Mary Rothbart and John Bates stress that _____ is an important dimension of temperament because it shows infants' ability (or the lack of it)  to keep their arousal from getting too intense and have strategies for soothing themselves.

Accepted Answer

A)   introversion
B)   effortful control
C)   emotionality
D)   extraversionE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Exam 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

In the Strange Situation, Latoya basically ignored her mother, was not upset when she left the room, and did not seek her out when she returned. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is TRUE of social smiling?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The results of the study conducted by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in 1991 indicate that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Caregivers of _____ babies tend to be unavailable or rejecting, unresponsive, and easily irritated.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cornell is only a few months old, but he is able to use emotions to show when he's interested in something and when he is afraid. His emotions are filling the necessary role of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Especially in infancy, emotions play important roles in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following characterizes phase one of Bowlby's model of attachment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, a(n) _____ child reacts negatively and cries frequently, engages in irregular daily routines, and is slow to accept change.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Strange Situation, Quentin cries mildly when his caregiver departs; however, he is happy upon reunion, and then continues to explore once the caregiver has returned. He would be classified as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mary Rothbart and John Bates stress that _____ is an important dimension of temperament because it shows infants' ability (or the lack of it) to keep their arousal from getting too intense and have strategies for soothing themselves.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Later-developing emotions in infants, appearing after six months of age, which involve the emotional reactions of others.

Correct AnswerverifiedOther-cons...View AnswerShow Answer

When put on the floor to play, baby Elaine cries as if she wants to be held. When her mother picks her up, though, Elaine pushes away with both arms and turns her head away. Mary Ainsworth would say that Elaine is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are "other-conscious" emotions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When infants become stressed, they show better biological recovery from the stressors when their caregivers:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Twenty-four-month-old Tyler is placed in front of a mirror with a spot of rouge on his nose. Tyler will MOST likely:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The development of _____ helps infants interpret ambiguous situations more accurately, as when they encounter a stranger.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding separation protests?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers are discovering that infants are more socially sophisticated and insightful at younger ages than scholars previously envisioned. In which aspect is this sophistication and insight reflected?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In their longitudinal investigation, Chess and Thomas found that _____ of the children they studied could be classified as easy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is FALSE regarding Kagan's concept of behavioral inhibition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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