Question 1

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a person with a BMI at the 90th percentile is:

Accepted Answer

A)   obese.
B)   overweight.
C)   at risk of being overweight.
D)   underweight.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Which of the following statements about Vygotsky's theory is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cognition primarily directs language development.
B)   Language has a minimal role in shaping thought.
C)   Language plays a powerful role in shaping thought.
D)   Education merely refines the child's cognitive skills that have already emerged.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 3

The second Piagetian stage of development is the _____ stage, which lasts from approximately _____ years of age.

Accepted Answer

A)   sensorimotor; one to five
B)   preoperational; one to five
C)   preoperational; two to seven
D)   operational; two to sevenE) A) and B)
F) A) and C) C

Question 4

In the development of language and thought:

Accepted Answer

A)   internal speech precedes private speech.
B)   internal and external speech develop simultaneously.
C)   external speech precedes internal speech.
D)   external speech develops after internal speech.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Himari, age five, asked her mother, "How does the oven make the cakes pop up?" and later asked, "How does the refrigerator make ice cream?" Himari's constant stream of questions signals she is in the _____ substage.

Accepted Answer

A)   egocentrism
B)   intuitive thought
C)   symbolic function
D)   centrationE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Two current controversies in early childhood education, as given in the textbook, involve:

Accepted Answer

A)   choice of curricula and the ability to provide universal preschool education in the United States.
B)   the quality of inner-city school curricula and the ability to provide free education to all.
C)   the use of corporal punishment in schools and the effectiveness of uniforms.
D)   the quality of homeschool educations and the ability to provide free meals in schools.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Research involving Project Head Start:

Accepted Answer

A)   has consistently demonstrated the program's effectiveness at improving children's cognitive ability.
B)   has failed to identify any positive outcomes for children participating in the program.
C)   has had mixed results in evaluating the effectiveness of the program.
D)   has identified only long-term positive outcomes, but no short-term positive outcomes for children participating in the program.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Vygotsky believed that children construct knowledge through:

Accepted Answer

A)   self-discovery.
B)   social interaction.
C)   reorganization of existing knowledge.
D)   transforming previous knowledge.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Individuals retain information in short-term memory for up to _____ if there is no rehearsal or repetition of the information.

Accepted Answer

A)   30 seconds
B)   15 minutes
C)   5 hours
D)   2 daysE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

All of the following are strategies to improve young children's literacy EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   using books to initiate conversation.
B)   using "what" and "why" questions.
C)   encouraging children to be quiet and listen carefully to the story.
D)   choosoing books that play with language.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

The theory of _____ refers to awareness of presence and distinction between one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.

Accepted Answer

A)   duality
B)   executive functioning
C)   mind
D)   consciousnessE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Consistent with Gelman's observations of Piaget's conservation tasks, researcher have found that children who engage in private speech are more _____ their task.

Accepted Answer

A)   intuitive about
B)   egocentric about
C)   emotional about
D)   attentive toE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Which of the following statements about brain development and early childhood is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Brain development is completed before puberty.
B)   By age three the brain has finished the pruning process.
C)   The overall size of the brain does not increase dramatically from ages three to five.
D)   From age three to six, the most rapid growth takes place in the temporal lobe.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

The process of _____ related to hand-eye coordination is not complete until middle or late childhood.

Accepted Answer

A)   centration
B)   myelination
C)   pruning
D)   neurogenesisE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Competent early childhood programs should focus:

Accepted Answer

A)   on cognitive development and socioemotional development.
B)   primarily on cognitive development.
C)   primarily on socioemotional development and self-esteem.
D)   on cognitive development and parental involvement.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D) A

Question 16

The _____ is a philosophy of education in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities, moving between activities, and developing self-regulation.

Accepted Answer

A)   child-centered kindergarten
B)   Montessori approach
C)   developmentally appropriate practice
D)   homeschool principle approachE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

The awareness of the existence and differentiation of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The awareness of the existence and differentiation...

Question 18

After the age of _____ years, children attend more efficiently to the dimensions of the task that are relevant.

Accepted Answer

A)   three or four
B)   four or five
C)   six or seven
D)   fiveE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 19

When experimenters ask children to judge whether two complex pictures are the same, preschool children tend to use a haphazard comparison strategy, not examining all of the details before making a judgment, exhibiting a lack of:

Accepted Answer

A)   conservation.
B)   attention to the salient.
C)   centration.
D)   planfulness.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Educators who are focused on knowledge of the typical progress of children within an age span, as well as the uniqueness of the child, are employing _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   the child-centered kindergarten approach
B)   a developmentally appropriate practice approach
C)   the Montessori approach
D)   the homeschool principle approachE) A) and D)
F) A) and C) B

Exam 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a person with a BMI at the 90th percentile is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about Vygotsky's theory is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The second Piagetian stage of development is the _____ stage, which lasts from approximately _____ years of age.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

In the development of language and thought:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Himari, age five, asked her mother, "How does the oven make the cakes pop up?" and later asked, "How does the refrigerator make ice cream?" Himari's constant stream of questions signals she is in the _____ substage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two current controversies in early childhood education, as given in the textbook, involve:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research involving Project Head Start:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vygotsky believed that children construct knowledge through:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Individuals retain information in short-term memory for up to _____ if there is no rehearsal or repetition of the information.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are strategies to improve young children's literacy EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The theory of _____ refers to awareness of presence and distinction between one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Consistent with Gelman's observations of Piaget's conservation tasks, researcher have found that children who engage in private speech are more _____ their task.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about brain development and early childhood is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of _____ related to hand-eye coordination is not complete until middle or late childhood.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Competent early childhood programs should focus:

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The _____ is a philosophy of education in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities, moving between activities, and developing self-regulation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The awareness of the existence and differentiation of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After the age of _____ years, children attend more efficiently to the dimensions of the task that are relevant.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When experimenters ask children to judge whether two complex pictures are the same, preschool children tend to use a haphazard comparison strategy, not examining all of the details before making a judgment, exhibiting a lack of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Educators who are focused on knowledge of the typical progress of children within an age span, as well as the uniqueness of the child, are employing _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

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The second Piagetian stage of development is the _ stage, which lasts from approximately _ years of age.

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C

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