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Sandra Day O'Connor, the first female Supreme Court justice, was named to the court by


A) Jimmy Carter.
B) Ronald Reagan.
C) George H. W. Bush.
D) Bill Clinton.
E) George W. Bush.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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In 1971 the so-called Pentagon Papers were leaked to the press by ________.

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In 1969, four months after the great music festival at Woodstock, a rock concert at ________ resulted in the deaths of four people, including one from injuries sustained from security guards.

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The key evidence in the determination of President Richard Nixon's guilt or innocence in the Watergate scandal was


A) audio tape recordings made of most conversations in the Oval Office.
B) eyewitness testimony from Nixon confidants in the White House.
C) phone records kept by Nixon's personal secretary.
D) Nixon's personal diaries.
E) journals kept by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger.

F) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

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By the end of their first year in office, Nixon and Kissinger had concluded that the most effective way to tip the military balance in America's favor was to


A) install a pro-American regime under General Lon Diem.
B) destroy military bases in Cambodia.
C) have the Congress repeal the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
D) "surge" 30,000 additional ground combat forces in the Mekong Delta.
E) All these answers are correct.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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In order to avoid losing public support, President Nixon informed the American people of his decision to begin bombing Cambodia before he did so.

A) True
B) False

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In early 1973, allegations of misconduct by Richard Nixon were made by White House counsel


A) John Dean.
B) John Mitchell.
C) H. R. Haldeman.
D) Spiro Agnew.
E) John Ehrlichman.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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In the late 1960s and early 1970s all of the following occurred due to American Indian activism, EXCEPT


A) Congress granting to reservations "independent nation" status within the United States.
B) Indians fighting for old treaty fishing rights in Washington State.
C) Indians occupying Alcatraz Island in the San Francisco Bay.
D) Congress passing an Indian Civil Rights Act.
E) the appointment of a Mohawk-Sioux as Nixon's commissioner of Indian affairs.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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By the early 1990s, gay men and lesbians in the United States


A) were experiencing a powerful backlash from within American society.
B) achieved many of the same milestones that other minority groups had attained in earlier decades.
C) saw some openly gay politicians win election to public office.
D) were making slow, halting progress in achieving laws prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sexual preference.
E) All these answers are correct.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Rachel Carson's 1962 book Silent Spring helped launch the modern environmental movement by focusing on problems concerning


A) nuclear energy.
B) pesticides.
C) pollution in the oceans.
D) the destruction of forests.
E) global warming.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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In Miranda v. Arizona (1966) , the Supreme Court


A) ruled that a defendant must have access to a lawyer before being questioned by police.
B) required authorities to inform a criminal suspect of his or her legal rights.
C) established new guidelines for capital punishment cases.
D) did all of these: ruled that a defendant must have access to a lawyer before being questioned by police; required authorities to inform a criminal suspect of his or her legal rights; and established new guidelines for capital punishment cases.
E) None of these answers is correct.

F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

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In the 1960s, the youth counterculture


A) rejected the complaints of the "beats" of the 1950s.
B) was really little more than a change in clothing styles.
C) sought to overthrow the U.S. government through an armed revolution.
D) was openly scornful of the values and conventions of American middle-class society.
E) attempted to differentiate itself from the stereotype of the "hippie."

F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

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The Environmental Protection Agency was created in ________ when ________ signed the National Environmental Protection Act into law.


A) 1963; John F. Kennedy
B) 1966; Lyndon Johnson
C) 1970; Richard Nixon
D) 1974; Gerald Ford
E) 1977; Jimmy Carter

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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