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The initiative and referendum were progressive-era political reforms primarily designed to weaken the power of


A) the federal government.
B) municipal governments
C) state governors.
D) state legislatures.
E) the courts.

F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

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Theodore Roosevelt was both a progressive reformer and decidedly conservative.

A) True
B) False

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Describe the ebb and flow of nativism during the first few decades of the twentieth century. How did nativists win support from some of the nation's leading progressives?

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Which statement regarding the controversy over Hetch Hetchy Valley is FALSE?


A) Hetch Hetchy was a spectacular high-walled valley within Yosemite National Park.
B) The fight against the dam helped mobilize a new coalition of preservationists.
C) In 1908, by a wide margin, San Francisco voters approved building a dam at Hetch Hetchy.
D) John Muir devoted the last years of his life to opposing a dam at Hetch Hetchy.
E) Theodore Roosevelt led the fight in favor of building a dam at Hetch Hetchy.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Thorstein Veblen argued that


A) only the wealthy leisure class had adequate time and money to help the needy.
B) modern societies should rely on a handful of experts to govern the economy.
C) true social reform would only occur if the nation's wealth were redistributed.
D) the leaders of corporations were the natural choice to create social reform.
E) the philanthropy of industrial tycoons had subverted the natural workings of society.

F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

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During the progressive era, opponents of political reform generally included many members of all of the following EXCEPT


A) the urban middle class.
B) the business community.
C) the urban working class.
D) saloon owners.
E) recent immigrants.

F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

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During the progressive era, the "new woman" was a product of


A) a lower birth rate.
B) the movement to work outside the home.
C) increased schooling for children.
D) higher levels of education.
E) All these answers are correct.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Political reformers correctly regarded the saloon as in league with the urban political machine.

A) True
B) False

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In 1913, to offset the loss of revenues from other legislation, Congress


A) passed a graduated income tax.
B) decided to inflate the currency.
C) increased business regulatory fees.
D) raised the tariff on agricultural goods.
E) passed heavy excise taxes on alcohol and tobacco.

F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

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In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt was reluctant to become a candidate for president because


A) the 1910 elections seemed to illustrate that progressivism was on the wane.
B) Robert La Follette had been working to secure the nomination for himself.
C) President William H. Taft announced he would seek reelection.
D) many conservative Republicans asked him to seek the nomination of the party.
E) None of these answers is correct.

F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

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W.E.B. Du Bois was instrumental in founding both the Niagara Movement and the ________.

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Theodore Roosevelt cooperated with J. P. Morgan during the Panic of 1907 to attempt to stabilize the economy.

A) True
B) False

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In what ways was the reform era not progressive?

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The reform era, often referred to as the...

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In 1916, President Wilson appointed Louis Brandeis, a Jew, to the Supreme Court.

A) True
B) False

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What accounted for the great public popularity of Theodore Roosevelt? Do you think he would be popular with today's voters?

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The great public popularity of Theodore ...

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Why were both the middle class and women so interested in reform causes at the turn of the century?

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At the turn of the century, both the mid...

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During the progressive era, W. E. B. Du Bois asserted all of the following EXCEPT that


A) Booker T. Washington's ideas were unnecessarily limiting to blacks.
B) talented blacks should accept nothing less than a full university education.
C) blacks should fight for immediate civil rights.
D) seeking legal challenges to civil injustice through white-dominated courts was a pointless exercise.
E) blacks should aspire to the professions.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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In 1909, a controversy involving Richard Ballinger and Gifford Pinchot saw


A) President William H. Taft fire Ballinger, due to a conflict of interest.
B) President William H. Taft fire Pinchot for insubordination.
C) conservative Republicans turn against President Taft.
D) progressives come to oppose Pinchot.
E) former supporters of Roosevelt rally behind Taft.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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In the 1902 strike by the United Mine Workers, President Theodore Roosevelt


A) sided with the miners.
B) sided with the mine owners.
C) ordered in federal troops to keep the peace.
D) ordered federal arbitration.
E) ordered in federal troops to break the strike.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The political popularity of the Socialist Party peaked shortly after the end of World War I.

A) True
B) False

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