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Society in the antebellum South placed the plantation owner at the top of the social order.

A) True
B) False

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Most enslaved blacks lived


A) on small farms.
B) on medium- to large-sized plantations.
C) in urban areas.
D) in rigidly-controlled circumstances.
E) in Virginia and the Carolinas.

F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

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The "peculiar institution" was a southern reference to


A) the plantation.
B) manufacturing.
C) capitalism.
D) slavery.
E) democracy.

F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

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To overcome communication barriers, African slaves learned a simple, common language known as "________" English.

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Prior to 1860, how did the role and status of southern women compare to that of northern women?

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________ was the leader of an aborted slave revolt in South Carolina in the early 1820s.

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From the 1830s on, state laws governing slavery became gradually less rigid.

A) True
B) False

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During the first half of the nineteenth century, the South underwent a much less fundamental transformation than did the North.

A) True
B) False

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In the late 1850s, many of the great landholders of the lower South were


A) still first-generation settlers.
B) part of a wealthy leisure class.
C) from longstanding aristocratic families.
D) rooted to one plantation for many generations.
E) former Old World aristocrats that emigrated from Europe.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Within the American South, the institution of slavery


A) isolated blacks and whites from each other.
B) created a unique bond between masters and slaves.
C) encouraged blacks to develop a society and culture of their own.
D) created a unique bond between masters and slaves, while isolating blacks and whites from each other and encouraging blacks to develop a society and culture of their own.
E) None of these answers is correct.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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The South may have failed to develop a large industrial economy due to all the following factors EXCEPT


A) the humid climate.
B) little access to liquid capital.
C) the profitability of cotton.
D) cultural values.
E) a shortage of labor.

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

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Regarding religion, American slaves


A) were expected to worship in black churches separate from whites.
B) had mostly converted to Islam by the early nineteenth century.
C) were usually not allowed to attend a church at all.
D) shunned Christianity in favor of the polytheistic traditions of Africa.
E) often incorporated African features into their Christianity.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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By the time of the Civil War, cotton constituted nearly ________ of the total export trade of the United States.


A) one-fourth
B) one-tenth
C) one-third
D) half
E) two-thirds

F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Prior to 1860, affluent southern white women


A) had created the most significant challenge to slavery in the South.
B) occupied a significantly different role from their northern counterparts.
C) commonly held income-producing jobs.
D) typically played an important role in public activities.
E) centered their lives in the home.

F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

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Slaves were expected by their owners to attend church.

A) True
B) False

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The mountain regions were the only parts of the South to resist the movement toward secession when it finally developed.

A) True
B) False

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The North, unlike the South, experienced great economic growth in the mid-nineteenth century.

A) True
B) False

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One historian said that the South of the period "grew, but it did not ________."

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As compared to nineteenth-century white practices, religious services for American slaves


A) were not allowed, by law, to mention freedom.
B) were often more emotional.
C) were generally more despondent and melancholy than white services.
D) denied all references to their African heritage.
E) emphasized subservience and submission to God.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Describe the distinguishing class features of the people who were known as "planters," "plain folk," "hill people," or "crackers."

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