Question 1

According to John Coie, which of the following is a reason why aggressive, peer-rejected boys have problems in social relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are more impulsive and have problems sustaining attention.
B)   They are less emotionally reactive.
C)   They receive an average number of both positive and negative nominations from their peers.
D)   They are unappreciated by their parents and teachers.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Megan bases her moral decisions on fear of punishment. In the context of Kohlberg's levels of moral thinking, Megan is currently in the ________ reasoning level of moral thinking.

Accepted Answer

A)   preconventional
B)   conventional
C)   interconventional
D)   postconventionalE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

In the context of domain theory, moral rules are widely accepted, somewhat impersonal, and

Accepted Answer

A)   arbitrary.
B)   obligatory.
C)   only applicable to certain individuals.
D)   subject to change by social consensus.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 4

According to Carol Dweck, which of the following is true of a growth mindset?

Accepted Answer

A)   Children with a growth mindset believe that their qualities cannot change.
B)   Students from lower-income families are more likely to have a growth mindset than their counterparts from wealthier families.
C)   Recent research indicates that many parents and teachers with growth mindsets always instill them in children and adolescents.
D)   Teachers can increase adolescents' growth mindset by functioning as a partner with them in the learning process.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

According to the advocates of state-mandated testing, which of the following results are believed to be positive outcomes of the testing?

Accepted Answer

A)   increased emphasis on the education of gifted students
B)   increased student performance and more time teaching subjects tested
C)   a holistic approach to testing a student's social skills, flexible thinking, and creativity
D)   integration of all learning styles and teaching styles into the curriculaE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Distinguish between the two types of mindsets as described by Carol Dweck.

Accepted Answer

Carol Dweck defines mindset as the cogni...

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true of the development of self-understanding in children?

Accepted Answer

A)   Self-understanding becomes more complex in middle and late childhood.
B)   From 8 to 11 years of age, self-understanding is focused on the description of physical characteristics.
C)   During the elementary school years, children are less likely to recognize social aspects of the self.
D)   Children's self-understanding in the elementary school years includes distinguishing themselves from others in absolute terms.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of the criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Accepted Answer

A)   Kohlberg's theory stresses that moral thoughts are essentially unimportant in children's moral development.
B)   Kohlberg's approach misses or misconstrues some important moral concepts in specific cultures.
C)   Kohlberg's theory puts relationships and concern for others above abstract principles.
D)   Kohlberg's approach emphasizes that morality begins with rapid evaluative judgments of others.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Middle childhood is a period in which some control is transferred from parent to child. This process is gradual and produces

Accepted Answer

A)   deregulation.
B)   socioregulation.
C)   coregulation.
D)   bioregulation.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Which of the following is true of schools in low-income areas?

Accepted Answer

A)   They have higher attendance compared with schools in high-income areas.
B)   Federal and state governments actively participate in the facilitation and assessment of the curricula.
C)   They have very high graduation rates.
D)   Teaching is more likely to encourage rote learning.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

In the context of children's development, which of the following is true of children's friendships?

Accepted Answer

A)   Throughout childhood, friends are more dissimilar than similar in terms of sex.
B)   Friends usually have different achievement orientations.
C)   Children's friendships are typically characterized by similarity.
D)   Children's friendships are all typically alike.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Eight-year-old Trey stands in front of a group of kids and says, "I am smart." Which of the following is the most plausible reaction to this incident?

Accepted Answer

A)   Children 6 years of age are more likely to reject Trey's self-report.
B)   Children 9 years of age are more likely to reject Trey's self-report.
C)   Children 5-6 years of age are more likely to reject Trey's self-report.
D)   Children 10-11 years of age are more likely to accept Trey's self-report.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Identify the social cognitive theorist who stated that self-efficacy is a critical factor in whether or not students achieve.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the social cognitive theorist who stated...

Question 14

Students with ________ endorse such statements as "I know that I will be able to learn the material in this class" and "I expect to be able to do well at this activity."

Accepted Answer

A)   high self-efficacy
B)   high self-esteem
C)   low self-efficacy
D)   low self-esteemE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true of the developmental changes in parent-child relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)   As children move into the middle and late childhood years, parents spend considerably less time with them.
B)   Parents play a minimal role in supporting children's academic achievement in middle and late childhood.
C)   Fathers are more likely than mothers to engage in a managerial role in parenting.
D)   Family management practices are positively related to school-related problems.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Across childhood and adolescence, research suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)   females engage in more prosocial behavior than males do.
B)   males engage in more prosocial behavior than females do.
C)   girls are likely to be more aggressive than boys.
D)   boys are better at reading and writing than girls.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

In the context of children's development, identify a true statement about friendship.

Accepted Answer

A)   Like adult friendships, children's friendships are characterized by dissimilarity.
B)   Throughout childhood, friends are more similar than dissimilar in terms of age, sex, race, and many other factors.
C)   Friends often have dissimilar attitudes toward school and educational aspirations.
D)   It is often developmentally beneficial to have coercive and conflict-ridden friendships.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

In contrast with Kohlberg's theory, Gilligan argues for a(n)  ________ perspective, which views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others.

Accepted Answer

A)   justice
B)   care
C)   nonegocentric
D)   egocentricE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Most of Blanca's classmates call her a "bully," and many say that they "don't like her at all." Only few children consider her to be a friend. Which of the following is Blanca's probable peer status?

Accepted Answer

A)   popular
B)   neglected
C)   rejected
D)   controversialE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

In the context of prosocial behavior, which of the following statements is true of perspective taking?

Accepted Answer

A)   It improves children's likelihood of understanding and sympathizing with others when they are distressed or in need.
B)   It makes children become less skeptical of others' claims.
C)   It is likely to make children engage in more aggressive and oppositional behavior.
D)   It plays a minimal role in determining whether children develop prosocial attitudes and behavior.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 8: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood

Megan bases her moral decisions on fear of punishment. In the context of Kohlberg's levels of moral thinking, Megan is currently in the ________ reasoning level of moral thinking.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Students with ________ endorse such statements as "I know that I will be able to learn the material in this class" and "I expect to be able to do well at this activity."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most of Blanca's classmates call her a "bully," and many say that they "don't like her at all." Only few children consider her to be a friend. Which of the following is Blanca's probable peer status?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Middle childhood is a period in which some control is transferred from parent to child. This process is gradual and produces

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of the criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of the development of self-understanding in children?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the social cognitive theorist who stated that self-efficacy is a critical factor in whether or not students achieve.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to John Coie, which of the following is a reason why aggressive, peer-rejected boys have problems in social relationships?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Carol Dweck, which of the following is true of a growth mindset?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of the developmental changes in parent-child relationships?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of prosocial behavior, which of the following statements is true of perspective taking?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of children's development, identify a true statement about friendship.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Distinguish between the two types of mindsets as described by Carol Dweck.

Correct AnswerverifiedCarol Dweck defines mindset as the cogni...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is true of schools in low-income areas?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eight-year-old Trey stands in front of a group of kids and says, "I am smart." Which of the following is the most plausible reaction to this incident?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In contrast with Kohlberg's theory, Gilligan argues for a(n) ________ perspective, which views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of domain theory, moral rules are widely accepted, somewhat impersonal, and

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Across childhood and adolescence, research suggests that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of children's development, which of the following is true of children's friendships?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the advocates of state-mandated testing, which of the following results are believed to be positive outcomes of the testing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Carol Dweck defines mindset as the cogni...
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