Question 1

The concept of ________ emphasizes that changes in cognitive activity patterns might result in disuse and consequent atrophy of cognitive skills.

Accepted Answer

A)   multiple intelligence
B)   "mind over matter"
C)   terminal decline
D)   "use it or lose it"E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Travis, who is 25 years old, knows that Beijing is the capital of China, but he cannot remember when or where he learned this. This is an example of how semantic memory

Accepted Answer

A)   improves with age.
B)   is closely linked to an individual's personal identity with the past.
C)   begins to decline in early adulthood.
D)   is independent of an individual's personal identity with the past.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Zack is having a conversation with his friend Ben in a crowded room. Despite the presence of many voices around him, Zack focuses on what Ben is saying. This is an example of ________ attention.

Accepted Answer

A)   selective
B)   divided
C)   implicit
D)   executiveE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 4

In the study by Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer (1977) , which of the following was found to be the result of older adults having perceived control over their own lives?

Accepted Answer

A)   It led to fewer social interactions.
B)   It significantly reduced life expectancy.
C)   It increased the levels of stress.
D)   It was found to increase longevity.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Life ________ is the number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live.

Accepted Answer

A)   expectancy
B)   span
C)   achievement
D)   extensionE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true of mTOR pathway theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   Some scientists argue that the mTOR pathway is linked to longevity, the successful outcomes of calorie restriction, and reducing cognitive decline.
B)   Proponents of mTOR pathway theory argue that sirtuins have no serious side effects on the human body.
C)   mTOR pathway theory argues that aging in the body's hormonal system can lower resistance to stress and increase the likelihood of disease.
D)   mTOR pathway theory states that the maximum number of times that human cells can divide is about 75 to 80.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Which of the following is a major disease that can impair the vision of older adults?

Accepted Answer

A)   myopia
B)   otosclerosis
C)   glaucoma
D)   tinnitusE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of explicit memory?

Accepted Answer

A)   John summarizes the plot of a novel that he has just read to his friend.
B)   Max drives the car from his office to his home.
C)   Linda turns off the lights before going to bed.
D)   Maria types on her computer while talking to her friend.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

In a classic study, Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer found that an important factor related to health, and even survival, in a nursing home is the

Accepted Answer

A)   provision of emergency geriatric care.
B)   availability of trained staff to care for the oldest-old.
C)   patient's feelings of control and self-determination.
D)   opportunity to interact with family members during the stay.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

What is a leading cause of blindness in older adults?

Accepted Answer

A)   presbyopia
B)   myopia
C)   macular degeneration
D)   retinal hardeningE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

________, which is closely linked to short-term memory, allows children and adults to manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language.

Accepted Answer

A)   Working memory
B)   Episodic memory
C)   Working cognition
D)   Source memoryE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Describe the major changes in physical appearance and movement in old age.

Accepted Answer

In late adulthood, the changes in physic...

Question 13

Why does night driving become especially difficult in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

A)   because of diminishing sensitivity to contrasts and reduced tolerance for glare
B)   because of the decline in color vision
C)   because of increased tolerance for glare and increased sensitivity to contrasts
D)   because of the expanding area of the visual fieldE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Which of the following is true of executive function?

Accepted Answer

A)   It involves managing one's thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and to exercise self-control.
B)   It is unrelated to health, emotion regulation, and social functioning.
C)   It consists of a number of low-level cognitive processes.
D)   It shows considerable increase in late adulthood and is strongly linked to increase in working memory.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

According to a study by Coleman that compared the brains of adults at various ages, from the 40s through the 70s, the

Accepted Answer

A)   growth of dendrites increased.
B)   growth of dendrites decreased.
C)   number of axons increased.
D)   number of neurons increased.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 16

In the respiratory system, lung capacity drops ________ percent between the ages of 20 and 80, even when disease is not present.

Accepted Answer

A)   20
B)   40
C)   50
D)   60E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Jake has been diagnosed with a condition characterized by damage to the optic nerve due to a buildup of fluid in the eye. Jake is suffering from

Accepted Answer

A)   glaucoma.
B)   cataracts.
C)   retinopathy.
D)   macular degeneration.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following is one of the findings from the Nun Study?

Accepted Answer

A)   Positive emotions early in adulthood were linked to longevity.
B)   Higher levels of idea density were linked with higher incidences of mild cognitive impairment.
C)   Aerobic exercise was linked to greater telomere length in older adults.
D)   Stimulating the brain with intellectual activity did not have any effect on the health of neurons.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 19

Maria is 75 years old. She is experiencing severe loss of bone tissue. Maria is most likely to be diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

A)   arteriosclerosis.
B)   diabetes.
C)   arthritis.
D)   osteoporosis.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 20

________ theory states that cells can divide a maximum of about 75 to 80 times, and that as we age our cells become less capable of dividing.

Accepted Answer

A)   Evolutionary
B)   Cellular clock
C)   Free-radical
D)   Hormonal stressE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Which of the following is an example of explicit memory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of mTOR pathway theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the study by Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer (1977) , which of the following was found to be the result of older adults having perceived control over their own lives?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ theory states that cells can divide a maximum of about 75 to 80 times, and that as we age our cells become less capable of dividing.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to a study by Coleman that compared the brains of adults at various ages, from the 40s through the 70s, the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The concept of ________ emphasizes that changes in cognitive activity patterns might result in disuse and consequent atrophy of cognitive skills.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Life ________ is the number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the respiratory system, lung capacity drops ________ percent between the ages of 20 and 80, even when disease is not present.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Zack is having a conversation with his friend Ben in a crowded room. Despite the presence of many voices around him, Zack focuses on what Ben is saying. This is an example of ________ attention.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a leading cause of blindness in older adults?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Maria is 75 years old. She is experiencing severe loss of bone tissue. Maria is most likely to be diagnosed with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is one of the findings from the Nun Study?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the major changes in physical appearance and movement in old age.

Correct AnswerverifiedIn late adulthood, the changes in physic...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is true of executive function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a major disease that can impair the vision of older adults?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jake has been diagnosed with a condition characterized by damage to the optic nerve due to a buildup of fluid in the eye. Jake is suffering from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________, which is closely linked to short-term memory, allows children and adults to manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a classic study, Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer found that an important factor related to health, and even survival, in a nursing home is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does night driving become especially difficult in late adulthood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Travis, who is 25 years old, knows that Beijing is the capital of China, but he cannot remember when or where he learned this. This is an example of how semantic memory

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In late adulthood, the changes in physic...
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